Aim – to perform comprehensive analysis of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Materials and methods. All examined patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) were divided into 2 groups. The first group – 38 patients with the progression of the diabetes in the first 3 years of the CP, the second – 44 people with no diabetes after 10 years of disease. Formation of CP etiologic groups based on the mandatory presence of one of two factors: alcohol abuse, the presence of disease of biliary system. The combination of two etiological factors wasl exclusion criteria. Results and conclusion. Among the examined patients biliary form of CP occurred in 52 patients, alcohol – in 30 patients. It was found that in the first three years of CP risk of diabetes is not associated with family history, obesity, number of exacerbations, but in the form of alcoholic CP DM formed almost two times more often than in the biliary. When combined with CP in patients with diabetes were significantly more common strain of the main flow and structural changes in the tail of the pancreas.

Aim – to study the awareness of the risk factors of stroke among the representatives of the Moscow population. Materials and methods. Using a specially designed semi-quantitative questionnaire comprising 39 open and closed questions, a survey was conducted in 500 patients with ischemic stroke, chronic cerebrovascular diseases, pain syndromes being treated in the neurological departments of three Moscow hospitals, and 45 relatives of patients with ischemic stroke. Results and conclusion. The present study showed low awareness of the neurological department patients about risk factors and symptoms of stroke in general, and the lack of expertise in patients with high risk of stroke. The findings suggest the need for educational programs to raise awareness of stroke in general population and for people at risk for stroke.

The retrospective study analyzed the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated using the formulas of Cockcroft–Gault (ml/min) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) (ml/min/1.73 м2) in 1504 patients. The patients had been selected from 7124 visitors to the outpatient unit in 2010: those were overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25.0–29.9 kg/m2;n = 657), obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; n = 615), and normal-weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/м; n = 236) who formed a control group. All the patients were examined in the outpatient unit and the V.Kh. Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology.Analysis of the mean values of GFR calculated using the Cockcroft Gault formula (ml/min) established that the mean GFR increased with BMI from 95 ml/min in overweight persons to 135 ml/min in morbid obesity; in the control group the mean GFR was 82.5 ml/min. The correlation coefficient was 0.35; р < 0.05. There was a reduction in the GFR calculated using the MDRD formula (ml/min/1.73 м²) in the obese patients compared to the controls (69 and 79.4 ml/min/1.73 м2, respectively). The correlation coefficient was 0.15; р < 0.05. Analysis of the distribution of the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in obese patients with the GFR estimated using the Cockcroft Gault formula (ml/min) ascertained that in the obesity groups there was a preponderance of patients with high GFR; the number of these patients increased with higher BMI from 53 % in overweight to 91.5 % in morbid obesity. The correlation coefficient was 0.26; р < 0.05. Analysis of the distribution of the stages of CKD in obese patients with the GFR calculated using the MDRD formula showed a rise in the number of patients with Stage III CKD (from 12 % in overweight to 22.8 % in obesity; 4.7 % in the control group). Moreover, a group of patients (2 %) with Stage IV CKD in morbid obesity was identified. The correlation coefficient was 0.15; р < 0.05.

Aim – to study adherence prior hospitalization, and the most important factors of adherence in hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Materials and methods. This study included all patients admitted to the Cardiology Department of the Clinical Hospital № 2 Lyubertsy with a diagnosis of ACS. All the patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on assessing adherence during their stay in hospital. Results. Under obtain preliminary results (six months from the start of the study) the study included 130 patients with ACS: 79 men and 51 women. Half of the patients (n = 61) are constantly observed by a doctor, and the other half almost did not seek for medical help. According to the Moriscos–Green test 71 persons (54.6 %) were adherented to medical treatment, 55 patients were found to have low adherence to therapy. Only 42 patients, one-third of the survey participants took all drugs recommended by the doctor . Less than 9 % of patients hospitalized with diagnosis of ACS took statins, one third of patients were recommended to take aspirin. Primary cause of recommendations for medical therapy is forgetfulness (18.5 %), about 10 % of patients are afraid of the side effects of drugs. The main way to improve patient adherence to therapy was mentioned like information from the doctor about the possibility of improving the life and disease prognosis (62.3 %), quality of life, improving well-being(25.8 %), only 4 patients (3 %) were totally unwilling to comply with medical recommendations. Conclusion. Specially designed questionnaire gave possibility to assess a number of facts (very low prescription of some of the main groups of cardiac drugs, high mortality) identified in the study of the, and their possible causes. In addition to the personal factors of patients (forgetfulness), the main causes of poor adherence to treatment is the lack of awareness of patients about their illness, the possibilities of modern therapy, which has demonstrated the contribution of medical (teaching-information, which forms the motivation) factor in the problem of treatment compliance.

Moscow Aim – to study the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) and left ventricular hypertrophy among male liquidators (ML) of Chernobyl accident consequences and a group of unorganized males (UM) from one of the Moscow regions. Materials and methods. The results of examining a random representative sample of three hundred and ninety-five 35–64-year-old Mos-cow Registry MLs of Chernobyl accident consequences (n = 395; 79 % response rate) were analyzed. A random sample of males from one of the Moscow regions (n = 382; 70 % response rate) was used to make up an age-matched comparison group.Results. The age-adjusted prevalence rate (AAPR) of AH according to the expanded WHO criteria (> 140/90 Hg mm) was substantially higher among MLs than among UMs (64.9 and 54.7 %, respectively; p < 0.01). The prevalence of AH was associated with the men’s age in both populations. Thus, this among MLs and UMs in the 35–44 year age group was 54.6 and 47.2 %, respectively and in the 55–64 year age group 80 and 62.2 % (i.e. the incidence of AH increased by 1.3 (р < 0.01) and 1.2 (р < 0.05) times, respectively). Conclusion. AAPR of AH among the liquidators was significantly higher than that in the control group (64.9 % versus 54.7 %, respectively). In the compared groups, that of left ventricular hypertrophy did not differ and was 25 and 25.6 %, respectively; significant differences were found in the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy: certain (concentric) left ventricular hypertrophy was more common in the liquidators than in the comparison group (12.9 % versus 7.4 %, respectively). In the ML group compared to the control group, there was much higher awareness of having AH (59.1 % versus 46 %, respectively), drug treatment was performed in 38.7 % versus 7.9 %; effective BP control in the patients was 13.1 % versus 4.7 %, respectively.

Aim – to analyze the results of the completed and published in Russia to date, controlled studies on the direct comparison of generic statins relevant original drug. Materials and methods. The analysis included five studies, published in the Russian peer-reviewed medical journals, the purpose of which was direct comparison of the clinical efficacy of generic and the corresponding originalstatin. To assess the extent of the confirmity of the original drug and generic previously developed system of quality assessment was used, which included a comparison of two separate drugs for safety and efficacy. In addition, the analysis of the effectiveness of statins separately on the lipid profile was performed. Separately the results of randomized KARDIOKANON in patients with stable coronary artery disease were analyzed at compared treatment generally required component of it were statins. Mandatory component of therapy in a group of patients was the original statin in another – generic. In these two groups of patients we compared the frequency of fixed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level achievement. Results. Five studies (4 study with simvastatin drug and one with atorvastatin) answered the criteria of randomized study and quality of ran-domization assessment was performed, efficiency, safety, and adherence to therapy were assessed. Among 4 generics of simvastatin studies only 2 performed full conformity to the lipid-lowering effect with the original drug, the rest – revealed differences in the impact on the atherogenic index. Not all generic simvastatin demonstrated compliance with the original drug therapy safety. In assessing the generic by more rigorous criteri generics more likely appear to reveal the discrepancy between it and the original drug. Conclusion. Because there is evidence that statin do not always perform full compliance with original drug, it is desirable to perform strictly designed clinical studies with the most commonly used generic statins.

Osteoporosis and related fractures are one of the major causes of disability and premature death in the elderly. The timely diagnosis of osteoporosis is the basis of effective therapy in the patients. The paper presents approaches to diagnosing osteoporosis, its primary and secondary forms, as well as its differential diagnosis with other skeletal diseases. 

The paper describes a familial case of Brugada syndrome type I (genetic variation Y87C) with autosomal-dominant inheritance.

Aim – to evaluate the effectiveness of immunomodulating drug Galavit in patients with uncomplicated influenza. Materials and methods. Non-randomized single-center comparative study was performed. Patients with influenza (male, average age – 25,1 ± 1,3 years, n = 45) were divided into 2 groups. Study group (n = 20) from the time of admission received the drug Galavit in addition to symptomatic and detoxification therapy. Patients in the control group (n = 25) received only symptomatic and detoxication therapy. The criterion of effectiveness of the preparation was positive dynamics of clinical symptoms and the results of clinical blood. Results. For the 2nd day of the disease 15 % of patients of the group returned to normal body temperature (in the control group, none of the patients had normal body temperature to the 2nd day of illness). By the 5th day of observation, 95 % of the study group patients showed normalization of body temperature (in the control group – 84 % of patients). Catarrhal symptoms resolved faster in patients of the main group than in patients of control group. Patients treated with Galavit observed normal levels of white blood cells and ESR by the moment of hospital discharge, in the control group leukocytosis and increased ESR remained. Conclusion. Galavit drug reduces the duration of catarrhal and intoxication syndrome in patients with influenza, effect positively on hematological parameters: helps reduce the number of white blood cells, stab shift, normalization of ESR.

The article presents review of literature dedicated to the contemporary view on the cellular-molecular mechanisms of the bone remodeling and pathogenesis of the osteoporosis. The discovery of the cytokine RANKL-RANK-OPG system and significant role of the cathepsin K in process bone remodeling has made progress in understanding the mechanisms development disease and possible to development drugs of the new generation – denosumab, a fully human RANKL monoclonal antibody and inhibitor cathepsin K odanacatib that inhibits of the bone resorption.

The results of major clinical trials and an overview of the guidelines update presented at the European Congress of Cardiology are described in the paper.