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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2025-19-4-K756</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Health literacy in contemporary clinical practice (an analytical review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медицинская грамотность в современной клинической практике (аналитический обзор)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-5597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>Vera N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>Вера Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>larinav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4764-3822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveychuk</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвейчук</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>larinav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-9954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>larinav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution></institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Larina V.N., Matveychuk T.A., Larina E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Ларина В.Н., Матвейчук Т.А., Ларина Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Larina V.N., Matveychuk T.A., Larina E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ларина В.Н., Матвейчук Т.А., Ларина Е.В.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/689">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/689</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In response to the global increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, the World Health Organization and the United Nations have adopted strategies to reduce premature mortality. Improving the health literacy of the population which is defined as a combination of knowledge, motivation and practical skills to maintain health is recognized as a key task for achieving these goals. The basic skills for developing health literacy are understanding, explaining, and changing health-related behaviors. The importance of this issue in disease prevention is highlighted by the fact that a number of countries have already established separate national programs to improve health literacy, and in some countries this topic is included in the national strategy for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. There are various models and questionnaires for assessing health literacy, but the lack of a single standardized tool makes this work difficult. At the same time, The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q) are considered the most thoughtful due to the assessment of conceptually different areas of health literacy among the subjects. Research shows that the literacy rate is related to socio-demographic factors: it is lower among the elderly, people with low incomes and education levels. It has been demonstrated that patients with a lower level of health literacy are less aware of diseases, do not participate in public life, and have a prognostically unfavorable pattern of behavior, i. e. sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition. Special attention is paid to the development of digital health literacy, as it moderately correlates with maintaining a healthy lifestyle, as well as medical literacy in matters of immunoprophylaxis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В ответ на глобальный рост частоты возникновения хронических неинфекционных заболеваний Всемирная организация здравоохранения и Организация Объединенных Наций приняли стратегии по снижению преждевременной смертности. Ключевой задачей для достижения цели признано повышение грамотности в вопросах здоровья (ГЗ) населения, которая определяется как сочетание знаний, мотивации и практических навыков для поддержания здоровья. Основными навыками для развития ГЗ являются понимание, объяснение и изменение поведения, связанного со здоровьем. Важность данной проблемы в профилактике заболеваний подчеркивает тот факт, что в ряде стран уже созданы отдельные национальные программы по повышению ГЗ, а в некоторых странах данная тема включена в национальную стратегию по профилактике и контролю неинфекционных заболеваний. Для оценки ГЗ существуют различные модели и опросники, однако отсутствие единого стандартизированного инструмента затрудняет эту задачу. Наиболее продуманными за счет оценивания у испытуемых концептуально разных областей ГЗ считаются HLQ (The Health Literacy Questionnaire, Опросник по грамотности в вопросах здоровья) и HLS-EU-Q (European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire, Европейский опросник по медицинской грамотности). Исследования показывают, что уровень ГЗ связан с социально-демографическими факторами: он ниже у пожилых людей, лиц с низким доходом и уровнем образования. Продемонстрировано, что пациенты с более низким уровнем ГЗ хуже осведомлены о болезнях, не участвуют в общественной жизни и имеют прогностически неблагоприятный паттерн поведения, т. е. малоподвижный образ жизни и неправильное питание. Особое внимание уделяется развитию цифровой ГЗ, так как она умеренно коррелирует с ведением здорового образа жизни, а также ГЗ в вопросах иммунопрофилактики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health literacy</kwd><kwd>recommendation</kwd><kwd>health literacy measurement</kwd><kwd>health competence</kwd><kwd>digital heath literacy</kwd><kwd>medical adherence</kwd><kwd>communication</kwd><kwd>risk factor</kwd><kwd>healthy lifestyle</kwd><kwd>chronic non-infectious diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинская грамотность в вопросах здоровья</kwd><kwd>рекомендация</kwd><kwd>оценка грамотности в вопросах здоровья</kwd><kwd>навык в области здоровья</kwd><kwd>медицинская грамотность в цифровом пространстве</kwd><kwd>приверженность к лечению</kwd><kwd>коммуникация</kwd><kwd>фактор риска</kwd><kwd>здоровый образ жизни</kwd><kwd>хроническое неинфекционное заболевание</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Osborne R., Elmer S., Hawkins M. et al. 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