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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">663</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2025-19-4-K749</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern approaches to diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in elderly and senile patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к диагностике острого коронарного синдрома у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-0473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radzhapova</surname><given-names>Zulfiia T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджапова</surname><given-names>Зулфия Тулкуновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KG">Kyrgyzstan</country></address><email>mztzmr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-8199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murataliev</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мураталиев</surname><given-names>Тулкун Мураталиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KG">Kyrgyzstan</country></address><email>murataliev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">1st President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Межгосударственная образовательная организация высшего образования Кыргызско-Российский Славянский университет им. первого президента Российской Федерации Б. Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия им. И. К. Ахунбаева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mirsaid Mirrakhimov National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health of Kyrgyz Republic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр кардиологии и терапии им. акад. Мирсаида Миррахимова при Министерстве здравоохранения Кыргызской Республики</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Radzhapova Z.T., Murataliev T.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Раджапова З.Т., Мураталиев Т.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Radzhapova Z.T., Murataliev T.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Раджапова З.Т., Мураталиев Т.М.</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/663">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/663</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Population aging is a global trend, and by 2050, the proportion of people over 65 years old is expected to be approximately 16 % of the world’s population. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the number of elderly people has increased by 24 % over the past five years, leading to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Since this category of patients often exhibits atypical clinical manifestations, multimorbidity, and cognitive and functional impairment, this significantly complicates diagnosis and management. This article presents current data on the diagnosis of ACS in elderly patients. Particular attention is paid to the complexity of interpreting complaints and anamnestic data, physical examination, and the specifics of electrocardiogram analysis, where age-related changes and comorbidities often mask ischemic manifestations. The role of high-sensitivity troponin, the standard for diagnosing myocardial injury, is discussed. However, in the elderly, its prognostic value is reduced due to frequent elevations associated with chronic diseases. The capabilities of noninvasive and invasive imaging methods – echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, coronary computed tomography angiography, as well as intracoronary methods such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography allowing for a more precise diagnosis and treatment strategy are discussed in detail. It is emphasized that no single imaging method offers sufficient diagnostic accuracy in elderly patients. Therefore, the optimal strategy should be a personalized approach based on a multidisciplinary assessment that takes into account cognitive and functional status, comorbidities, geriatric syndromes, and social factors. This approach improves the timeliness of diagnosis and the effectiveness of medical care, ensuring more favorable outcomes in elderly and senile patients with ACS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Старение населения является глобальной тенденцией, и к 2050 г. доля лиц старше 65 лет составит около 16 % населения мира. В Кыргызской Республике за последние 5 лет число пожилых людей увеличилось на 24 %, что определяет рост распространенности сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Одной из ведущих причин заболеваемости и смертности у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста остается острый коронарный синдром (ОКС). У данной категории пациентов чаще наблюдаются атипичные клинические проявления острых коронарных событий, мультиморбидность, когнитивные и функциональные нарушения, что существенно осложняет диагностику и ведение. В статье представлены современные данные о диагностике ОКС у пожилых пациентов. Особое внимание уделено сложности интерпретации жалоб и анамнестических данных, физикального обследования, а также особенностям анализа электрокардиограммы, где возрастные изменения и сопутствующие патологии нередко маскируют ишемические проявления. Рассмотрена роль высокочувствительного тропонина, определение уровня которого является стандартом диагностики повреждения миокарда, однако у пожилых лиц его прогностическая ценность снижается из-за частого повышения при хронических заболеваниях. Подробно освещены возможности неинвазивных и инвазивных методов визуализации – эхокардиографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца, коронарной компьютерной томографической ангиографии, а также внутрикоронарных методов – внутрисосудистого ультразвукового исследования и оптической когерентной томографии, позволяющих уточнить диагноз и определить тактику лечения. Подчеркивается, что ни один из методов обследования в отдельности не обладает достаточной диагностической точностью у пожилых пациентов. В связи с этим оптимальной стратегией должен быть персонализированный подход, основанный на мультидисциплинарной оценке с учетом когнитивного и функционального статуса, сопутствующих заболеваний, гериатрических синдромов и социальных факторов. Данный подход позволяет повысить своевременность диагностики и эффективность медицинской помощи, обеспечивая более благоприятные исходы у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с ОКС.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute coronary syndrome</kwd><kwd>elderly</kwd><kwd>senile age</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>troponin</kwd><kwd>electrocardiography</kwd><kwd>invasive method</kwd><kwd>non-invasive method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый коронарный синдром</kwd><kwd>пожилой возраст</kwd><kwd>старческий возраст</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>тропонин</kwd><kwd>электрокардиография</kwd><kwd>инвазивный метод</kwd><kwd>неинвазивный метод</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results. UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO. 3. 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