The ClinicianThe ClinicianКлиницист1818-83382412-8775Publishing House ABV Press65310.17650/1818-8338-2025-19-1-K744PHARMACOTHERAPYФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯNeurodegenerative diseases and dementia: the role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction (based on recent evidence)Нейродегенеративные заболевания и деменция – роль дисфункции гематоэнцефалического барьера (по материалам последних лет)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-5923LevinO. S.ЛевинО. С.
Russian Federation

Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993, 

5 2 nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284

125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1,

125284 Москва, 2­й Боткинский пр­д, 5

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5285-7602GekhaevaZ. K.ГехаеваЗ. К.
Russian Federation

Zulikhan Kazbekovna Gekhaeva 

Build. 1, 2/1 Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 125993

Зулихан Казбековна Гехаева 

125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1

zulya9589@gmail.comRussian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииBotkin Hospital, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentГБУЗ г. Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-­клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы1501202519174840107202501072025Copyright ©; 2025, Levin O.S., Gekhaeva Z.K.Copyright ©; 2025, Левин О.С., Гехаева З.К.2025Levin O.S., Gekhaeva Z.K.Левин О.С., Гехаева З.К.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/653

The review describes the molecular architecture and physiology of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), modern methods for assessing the condition of the BBB, the role of its dysfunction in some neurodegenerative diseases, and the contribution of vascular pathology. The pathogenetic mechanisms by which violation of BBB leads to neurodegeneration are discussed. Early diagnosis in these nosologies is crucial for adequate therapy and a favorable prognosis. In this regard, the possibility of identifying neuroimaging patterns indicating violations of BBB permeability is being considered, and the pathoanatomical characteristics of BBB dysfunction are also being studied.

Представлены описание молекулярной архитектуры и физиологии гематоэнцефалического барьера (ГЭб), современные методы оценки состояния ГЭб, роль его дисфункции при некоторых нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, а также вклад сосудистой патологии. Обсуждаются патогенетические механизмы, с помощью которых нарушение ГЭб приводит к нейродегенерации. Ранняя диагностика при данных нозологиях имеет решающее значение для адекватной терапии и благоприятного прогноза. В связи с этим рассматривается возможность выявления нейровизуализационных паттернов, указывающих на нарушения проницаемости ГЭб, а также изучаются патологоанатомические характеристики дисфункции ГЭб.

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