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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2025-19-1-K738</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Early osteoarthritis – current state of the art</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ранний остеоартрит – современное состояние проблемы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-699X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pravdyuk</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Правдюк</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Natal’ya Grigor’evna Pravdyuk </bold></p><p>A.I. Nesterov Department of Faculty Therapy</p><p><italic>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Наталья Григорьевна Правдюк </bold></p><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова</p><p><italic>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</italic></p></bio><email>pravda547@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Pravdyuk N.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Правдюк Н.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pravdyuk N.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Правдюк Н.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/651">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/651</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognized as a complex degenerative joint disease that develops under the influence of mechanical, biochemical and genetic factors. The pathogenesis of OA includes a complex of interactions at both cellular and molecular levels, leading to progressive damage to joint tissues – cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, remodeling of the subchondral bone, and periarticular changes. In the last decade, the term “early osteoarthritis” has been increasingly mentioned in the scientific literature. The concept of early OA was largely determined by the experience of rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Given the heterogeneity of OA, pathological processes at the cellular and molecular levels, reflecting the early stage of the disease, are diverse and depend on the factors that induce the disease. Symptoms of early OA of the knee joint can be suspected with the appearance of intermittent pain or discomfort in the joint, short-term “initial” stiffness and functional limitations. Clinical examination in most cases reveals pain on palpation of the joint, crepitation or moderate articular effusion. X-ray data are of limited importance at an early stage of the disease, since one of the typical signs of OA – narrowing of the articular gap – may not appear for many years. Quantitative, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging methods, as well as hybrid methods are used to visualize OA at an early stage. The final goals of developing classification criteria for early OA and early diagnosis of the disease in real clinical practice differ. Early OA represents a “window of opportunity” to prevent disease progression before OA becomes clinically apparent. It is necessary to continue research on the definition and classification of early OA of other localizations. Pharmacological innovations, regenerative methods, and gene therapy represent the future of OA treatment, including at an early stage of the disease. One of the modern drugs that modify the course of OA is Elmosa, a unique combination of glucosamine sulfate, boswellic acids combined with acetyl-L-carnitine and B vitamins.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Остеоартрит (ОА) все чаще признается как сложное дегенеративное заболевание суставов, развивающееся под влиянием механических, биохимических и генетических факторов. патогенез ОА включает комплекс взаимодействий как на клеточном, так и на молекулярном уровне, приводящих к прогрессирующему повреждению тканей сустава – дегенерации хряща, синовиальному воспалению, ремоделированию субхондральной кости, периартикулярным изменениям. В последнее десятилетие в научной литературе все чаще упоминается термин «ранний остеоартрит». Концепция раннего ОА во многом была обусловлена опытом лечения ревматоидного артрита. С учетом гетерогенности ОА патологические процессы на клеточном и молекулярном уровнях, отражающие раннюю стадию болезни, разнообразны и зависят от факторов, индуцирующих заболевание. Симптомы раннего ОА коленного сустава можно заподозрить при появлении перемежающейся боли или дискомфорта в суставе, кратковременной «стартовой» скованности и функциональных ограничений. Клиническое обследование в большинстве случаев выявляет болезненность при пальпации сустава, крепитацию или умеренный суставной выпот. Рентгенологические данные имеют ограниченное значение на ранней стадии заболевания, поскольку один из типичных признаков ОА – сужение суставной щели – может не проявляться в течение многих лет. Для визуализации ОА на ранней стадии используют количественные, контрастно-усиленные методы магнитно-резонансной томографии, а также гибридные методы. Итоговые цели разработки классификационных критериев раннего ОА и ранней диагностики заболевания в реальной клинической практике отличаются. Ранний ОА представляет «окно возможностей» для профилактики прогрессирования болезни до того, как ОА станет клинически очевидным. Необходимо продолжать исследования по определению и классификации раннего ОА других локализаций. фармакологические инновации, регенеративные методы, генная терапия представляют будущее лечения ОА, в том числе на ранней стадии заболевания. Одним из современных препаратов, модифицирующих течение ОА, является препарат Эльмоза – уникальная комбинация глюкозамина сульфата, босвеллиевых кислот в сочетании с ацетил-L-карнитином и витаминами группы B.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>classification criteria</kwd><kwd>knee joint</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd><kwd>radiography</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>personalized therapy</kwd><kwd>Elmosa</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранний остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>классификационный критерий</kwd><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>магнитнорезонансная томография</kwd><kwd>рентгенография</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>персонифицированная терапия</kwd><kwd>Эльмоза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2019 MSK in Adolescents Collaborators. 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