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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">613</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2024-18-3-K709</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of the molecular pathway of transforming growth factor β in the progression of myocardial fibrosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль молекулярного пути трансформирующего фактора роста β в прогрессировании фиброза миокарда</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-5321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyaeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синяева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Sergeevna Sinyaeva</p><p>7 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 390026</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Сергеевна Синяева</p><p>390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 7</p></bio><email>anya.anyuta-07@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-5321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербакова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7 Vysokovoltnaya St., Ryazan 390026</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>390026 Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, 7</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.P. Pavlova Ryazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Sinyaeva A.S., Shcherbakova S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Синяева А.С., Щербакова С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinyaeva A.S., Shcherbakova S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синяева А.С., Щербакова С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/613">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/613</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To date, the consequences of progressive myocardial fibrosis are an urgent problem. Fibrosis is the basis for the progression of many cardiovascular diseases and leads to structural remodeling of the myocardium. Fibrosis isolates groups of cardiomyocytes and individual cells, disrupts the connection between them, which causes rhythm disturbances, including the development of atrial fibrillation. Fibrosis is the result of pathological remodeling in many tissues and contributes to the development of clinical diseases. At the moment, it is of great interest to identify means of slowing down and stopping the progression of tissue fibrogenesis. The progression of myocardial fibrosis is based on mechanisms that are associated with both cellular and molecular pathways. The main cellular element is an activated fibroblast, which produces a large amount of extracellular matrix. One of the main molecular mechanisms are transforming growth factor β, platelet-derived growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, vasoactive compounds (angiotensin II), cytokine-induced extracellular matrix pathways. It is these elements of the pathogenesis of the disease that can become the objects of new therapeutic interventions. This review article will present data on the prevalence and frequency of visits to medical institutions on issues related to developed gastric arrhythmias against the background of interstitial fibrosis, on the molecular processes involved in the initiation of myocardial fibrosis, as well as on non-coding RNAs regulating specific cellular signals, and on the studied therapeutic drugs inhibiting the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway. Generalized and structured information will help expand the understanding of molecular processes and, in the future, change approaches to the treatment of many heart diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На сегодняшний день актуальной проблемой стали последствия прогрессирующего фиброза миокарда. Фиброз является основой прогрессирования многих сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и приводит к структурному ремоделированию миокарда. Фиброз, изолируя группы кардиомиоцитов и отдельные клетки, нарушает между ними связь, что вызывает изменения ритма, в том числе развитие фибрилляции предсердий. Как результат патологического ремоделирования во многих тканях фиброз способствует развитию клинических заболеваний. На данный момент большой интерес представляет выявление средств замедления и остановки прогрессирования фиброгенеза тканей. В основе прогрессирования фиброза миокарда лежат механизмы, которые связаны как с клеточными, так и с молекулярными путями. Основной клеточный элемент, играющий роль в процессах фиброза, – активированный фибробласт, который производит большое количество внеклеточного матрикса. К основным молекулярным механизмам относят трансформирующий фактор роста β, фактор роста, полученный из тромбоцитов, фактор роста соединительной ткани, вазоактивные соединения (ангиотензин II), цитокининдуцируемые пути внеклеточного матрикса. Именно данные элементы патогенеза заболевания могут стать объектами новых терапевтических вмешательств. В статье представлены данные о распространенности и частоте обращений в медицинские учреждения по причине развившихся желудочных аритмий на фоне интерстициального фиброза, о молекулярных процессах, участвующих в инициации фиброза миокарда, о некодирующих РНК, регулирующих специфические клеточные сигналы, и об исследованиях препаратов, ингибирующих сигнальный путь трансформирующего фактора роста β. Обобщенная и структурированная информация поможет расширить понимание молекулярных процессов и в дальнейшем изменить подходы к лечению многих сердечных заболеваний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocardial fibrosis</kwd><kwd>ventricular arrhythmia</kwd><kwd>canonical signaling pathway</kwd><kwd>transforming growth factor β/Smad protein</kwd><kwd>non-coding RNAs</kwd><kwd>molecular mechanism</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>extracellular matrix</kwd><kwd>interstitial fibrosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фиброз миокарда</kwd><kwd>желудочковая аритмия</kwd><kwd>канонический сигнальный путь</kwd><kwd>трансформирующий фактор роста β/белок Smad</kwd><kwd>некодирующая РНК</kwd><kwd>молекулярный механизм</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистое заболевание</kwd><kwd>внеклеточный матрикс</kwd><kwd>интерстициальный фиброз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Park S., Nguyaen N.B., Pezhuman A., Ardehali R. 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