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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">596</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2024-18-1-K715</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Post-traumatic cognitive disorders: the cholinergic therapy options</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Посттравматические когнитивные расстройства: возможности холинергической терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-5923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Oleg Semenovich Levin</bold></p><p><italic>125993 Moscow, Barrikadnaya Str., 2/1, bild. 1;125284 Moscow, 2 nd Botkin passage, 5</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Олег Семенович Левин</bold></p><p><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1;</italic><italic>125284 Москва, 2-й Боткинский проезд, 5</italic></p></bio><email>neurolev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5317-1052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>125993 Moscow, Barrikadnaya Str., 2/1, bild. 1</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>125993 Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.P. Botkin Hospital of the Department of Health of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ города Москвы «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-20"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-20"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Levin O.S., Nikitina A.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Левин О.С., Никитина А.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levin O.S., Nikitina A.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Левин О.С., Никитина А.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/596">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/596</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young and middle-aged people. Cognitive impairment is the most persistent and universal brain injury syndrome in cases of TBI and, moreover, the best indicator of TBI severity to predict its outcome. Cognitive impairment can persist persistently even after mild TBI, which accounts for 70–90 % of the total number of trauma patients. This may be due to the fact that in cases of mild TBI, the most fragile functions of integrative structures of the frontal and temporal lobes are slowly and not always completely recovered and the dominant clinical manifestation become complex neuropsychological disorders. Individuals with repeated mild TBI are characterized by development of chronic post-traumatic encephalopathy, that is a kind of neurodegenerative disease manifested by slowly increasing cognitive impairment, parkinsonism and a number of other neurological syndromes. Early detection and adequate correction of the cognitive impairments may improve the outcome of injury of diverging severity. Due to the fact that the pathogenesis of TBI is based on disorder of cholinergic system, the patients have predominance of regulatory disorders in the neuropsychological profile, as well as a combination of cognitive and affective disorders. Administration of acetylcholine precursors leads to rapid increase of free choline levels in plasma that penetrates the blood-brain barrier well and enhances cholinergic activity by increasing acetylcholine synthesis and release. The article considers the possibilities of using acetylcholine precursors in connection with their potential to block the progressive impairment of cognitive functions induced by trauma as well as to reduce severity of behavioral and affective disorders.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Черепно-мозговая травма (ЧМТ) – одна из самых частых причин неврологической инвалидизации у лиц молодого и среднего возраста. Когнитивные нарушения – наиболее постоянный и универсальный синдром поражения головного мозга при ЧМТ и, более того, лучший индикатор тяжести ЧМТ, позволяющий прогнозировать ее исход. Когнитивные нарушения могут стойко сохраняться даже после легкой ЧМТ, которая составляет 70–90 % от общей численности пациентов с травмой. Это может быть обусловлено тем, что при легкой ЧМТ медленно и не всегда полностью восстанавливаются наиболее тонкие функции интегративных структур лобной и височной долей и доминирующим клиническим проявлением становятся сложные нейропсихологические расстройства. Для лиц с повторными легкими ЧМТ характерно развитие хронической посттравматической энцефалопатии, которая представляет собой своеобразное нейродегенеративное заболевание, проявляющееся медленно нарастающими когнитивными нарушениями, паркинсонизмом и рядом других неврологических синдромов. Раннее выявление и адекватная коррекция когнитивных нарушений могут улучшать исход травмы различной степени тяжести. В связи с тем, что в основе патогенеза ЧМТ лежит нарушение холинергической системы, у пациентов отмечается преобладание регуляторных нарушений в нейропсихологическом профиле, а также сочетание когнитивных и аффективных расстройств. Назначение предшественников ацетилхолина приводит к быстрому увеличению уровня свободного холина в плазме, хорошо проникающего через гематоэнцефалический барьер, и усиливает холинергическую активность за счет увеличения синтеза и высвобождения ацетилхолина. В статье рассмотрены возможности применения предшественников ацетилхолина в связи с их потенциальной возможностью блокировать индуцированные травмой прогредиентные нарушения когнитивных функций, а также уменьшать выраженность поведенческих и аффективных нарушений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>chronic traumatic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>postcommotional syndrome</kwd><kwd>diffuse axonal injury</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairments</kwd><kwd>cholinergic hypothesis</kwd><kwd>acetylcholine precursors</kwd><kwd>choline alfoscerate</kwd><kwd>centrally acting cholinomimetic</kwd><kwd>glyatiline</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>хроническая травматическая энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>посткоммоционный синдром</kwd><kwd>диффузное аксональное повреждение</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>холинергическая гипотеза</kwd><kwd>предшественники ацетилхолина</kwd><kwd>холина альфосцерат</kwd><kwd>холиномиметик центрального действия</kwd><kwd>глиатилин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication of the article was supported by Italfarmaco, which did not affect the opinion of the authors.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация статьи поддержана компанией «Италфармако» (Italfarmaco), что не повлияло на мнение авторов.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapov A.A., Lichterman L.B., Kravchuk A.D. et al. 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