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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">589</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2024-18-1-K705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern views on the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные взгляды на патогенез дегенерации межпозвонковых дисков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2840-837X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnayder</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Natalia Alekseevna Shnayder </bold></p><p><italic>3 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg 192019; 1 Partizanа Zheleznyakа St., Krasnoyarsk 660022</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Наталья Алексеевна Шнайдер</bold></p><p><italic>192019 Санкт­-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3; 660022 Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</italic></p></bio><email>naschnaider@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4378-1308</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trefilova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трефилова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg 192019</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>192019 Санкт­-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3565-8657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ashkhotov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашхотов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>3 Bekhtereva St., Saint Petersburg 192019</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>192019 Санкт­-Петербург, ул. Бехтерева, 3</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-327X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovdienko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овдиенко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>2 Build., 21 Narodnaya St., Saint Petersburg 193079</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>193079 Санкт­Петербург, ул. Народная, 21, корп. 2</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Neurology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Prof. V.F. Voino­-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно­-Ясенецкого» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital for War Veterans</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт­-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Госпиталь для ветеранов войн»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-24"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Shnayder N.A., Trefilova V.V., Ashkhotov A.V., Ovdienko O.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Шнайдер Н.А., Трефилова В.В., Ашхотов А.В., Овдиенко О.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shnayder N.A., Trefilova V.V., Ashkhotov A.V., Ovdienko O.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шнайдер Н.А., Трефилова В.В., Ашхотов А.В., Овдиенко О.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/589">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/589</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is defined as a multifactorial degenerative disease of the spine, starting from the structures of the nucleus pulposus of the IVD, spreading to the fibrous ring and other elements of the spinal motion segment. Unlike natural aging, a pathological degenerative process that occurs in IVDs as a result of the additive effect of genetic predisposition and external environmental factors leads to the formation of chronic back pain and reduces the patient’s quality of life. Despite many years of studying the problem of the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration, it is far from being resolved, which encourages us to further study the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of this pathology.</p><p><bold>Aim.</bold><bold> </bold>To update the knowledge of practicing neurologists about the results of modern studies of the leading mechanisms of development of IVD degeneration in humans and their role in the development of promising biomarkers of this pathology and new strategies for pathogenetic therapy.</p><p><bold>Materials</bold><bold> </bold><bold>and</bold><bold> </bold><bold>methods.</bold><bold> </bold>A search and analysis of publications was carried out in Russian-language (e-Library) and Englishlanguage databases (PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Keys, Springer, Elsevier, Google Scholar). Search depth – 5 years (2018–2023).</p><p><bold>Res</bold><bold>ults</bold><bold>.</bold><bold> </bold>The analyzed and generalized results of studies of the molecular mechanisms influencing the development and progression of this pathology are presented. The leading pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of IVD degeneration, such as oxidative stress and the NO system, cytokine imbalance, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases, dysfunction of fibrillar collagens and proteoglycan, as well as their relationship with each other, were considered.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The review provides a broader look at the pathogenetic mechanisms of IVD degeneration, which makes it possible to set new goals for future development of promising therapeutic strategies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Дегенерация межпозвонковых дисков (МпД) определяется как мультифакторное дегенеративное заболевание позвоночника, начинающееся с пульпозного ядра МпД, распространяющееся на фиброзное кольцо и другие элементы позвоночно-двигательного сегмента. В отличие от естественного старения патологический дегенеративный процесс, возникающий в МпД в результате аддитивного эффекта генетической предрасположенности и внешне-средовых факторов, приводит к формированию хронической боли в спине и снижает качество жизни пациента. Несмотря на многолетнее изучение проблемы патогенеза дегенерации МпД, она далека от разрешения, что побуждает нас продолжать исследовать патогенетические механизмы развития дегенеративного заболевания позвоночника.</p><p><bold>Цель обзора </bold>– обновление знаний практикующих неврологов о результатах современных исследований ведущих механизмов развития дегенерации МпД у человека и их роли в разработке перспективных биомаркеров данной патологии и новых стратегий патогенетической терапии.</p><p><bold>Материалы</bold><bold> </bold><bold>и методы. </bold>проведен поиск и анализ публикаций в русскоязычной (e-Library) и англоязычных (PubMed, Oxford Press, Clinical Keys, Springer, Elsevier, Google Scholar) базах с глубиной поиска 5 лет (2018–2023 гг.).</p><p><bold>Р</bold><bold>е</bold><bold>з</bold><bold>у</bold><bold>ль</bold><bold>т</bold><bold>а</bold><bold>т</bold><bold>ы.</bold><bold> </bold>представлены проанализированные и обобщенные результаты исследований молекулярных механизмов, влияющих на развитие и прогрессирование данной патологии. Рассмотрены ведущие патогенетические механизмы развития дегенерации МпД, такие как окислительный стресс и система оксида азота, дисбаланс цитокинов, повышение активности матриксных металлопротеиназ, нарушение функции фибриллярных коллагенов и протеогликана, а также их взаимосвязь между собой и с состоянием замыкательных пластин прилежащих тел позвонков. <bold>Заключение. </bold>Обзор позволяет шире взглянуть на патогенетические механизмы дегенерации МпД, что дает возможность устанавливать новые цели для будущих разработок перспективных терапевтических стратегий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>degeneration</kwd><kwd>back pain</kwd><kwd>intervertebral disc</kwd><kwd>hernia</kwd><kwd>protrusion</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>collagens</kwd><kwd>proteoglycans</kwd><kwd>cytokine imbalance</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дегенерация</kwd><kwd>боль в спине</kwd><kwd>межпозвонковый диск</kwd><kwd>грыжа</kwd><kwd>протрузия</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>оксидативный стресс</kwd><kwd>коллагены</kwd><kwd>протеогликаны</kwd><kwd>цитокиновый дисбаланс</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tkachev A.M., Epifanov A.V., Akarachkova E.S. et al. 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