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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">588</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2024-18-1-K706</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Alcoholic cardiomyopathy: aspects of pathogenesis and clinic</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Алкогольная кардиомиопатия: аспекты патогенеза и клиники</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-0713</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klemenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клеменов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Alexey Viktorovich Klemenov </bold></p><p><italic>10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005</italic></p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Алексей Викторович</bold> <bold>Клеменов</bold></p><p><italic>603005 Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, 10/1</italic></p></bio><email>klemenov_av@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Klemenov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Клеменов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klemenov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клеменов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/588">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/588</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is the most common form of myocardial damage caused by ethanol. Ethanol and its main active metabolite acetaldehyde have a direct toxic effect on the myocardium. The mechanisms of the cardiotoxic effect of ethanol are diverse and include membranotropic action, damage to cellular organelles, activation of lipid peroxidation, and a number of others. Dissolving in the lipids of biological membranes, ethanol changes their physico-chemical properties, disrupts the activity of membrane receptors, eventually disconnecting the connection of excitation with the contraction of cardiomyocytes. Particular importance in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy is attached to the ability of ethanol to cause structural and functional changes in mitochondria, which is directly related to the violation of oxidative processes and energy supply of the myocardium as a whole. Under the influence of alcohol, free-radical lipid oxidation products content increases and antioxidants activity decreases, which indicates oxidative stress development. The deterioration of myocardial contractility due to chronic alcohol intoxication triggers a cascade of compensatory mechanisms in the form of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and progressive fibrosis, while adaptive reactions become a factor in further pathological changes. Ethanol causes myocardial damage in a dose-dependent manner.</p><p>The probability of alcoholic cardiomyopathy occurrence is a derivative of the total accumulated dose of alcohol and individual predisposition. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is considered as a variant of secondary dilated cardiomyopathy with all its clinical manifestations and consequences: dilation of the heart chambers, low left ventricular ejection fraction, progressive circulatory insufficiency, and cardiac arrhythmias. A relatively favorable prognosis in alcoholic cardiomyopathy is provided due to partial reversibility of myocardial damage under the condition of abstinence from alcohol consumption. Specific drugs for the treatment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy have not been developed. New treatment strategies include the use of myocardial growth and regulation factors synthesized by cardiomyocytes, as well as the stimulation of heart muscle regeneration and repair processes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Алкогольная кардиомиопатия (АКМп) – наиболее распространенная форма поражения миокарда, вызванного этанолом. Он и его основной активный метаболит – ацетальдегид оказывают прямое токсическое действие на миокард. Механизмы кардиотоксического эффекта этанола разнообразны, среди них мембранотропное действие, повреждение клеточных органелл, активация перекисного окисления липидов и ряд других. Растворяясь в липидах биологических мембран, этанол меняет их физико-химические свойства, нарушает активность мембранных рецепторов, разобщая в итоге связь возбуждения с сокращением кардиомиоцитов. Особое значение в патогенезе АКМп придается способности этанола вызывать структурные и функциональные изменения митохондрий, с чем напрямую связано нарушение окислительных процессов и энергообеспечения миокарда в целом. под влиянием алкоголя увеличивается содержание продуктов свободно-радикального перекисного окисления липидов и снижается активность антиоксидантов, что указывает на развитие оксидативного стресса. Ухудшение сократимости миокарда вследствие хронической алкогольной интоксикации запускает каскад компенсаторных механизмов в виде гипертрофии кардиомиоцитов и прогрессирующего фиброза, при этом адаптивные реакции становятся фактором дальнейших патологических изменений. Этанол вызывает повреждение миокарда дозозависимым образом. Вероятность возникновения АКМп является производной от суммарной накопленной дозы алкоголя и индивидуальной предрасположенности. АКМп рассматривается как вариант вторичной дилатационной кардиомиопатии со всеми ее клиническими проявлениями и последствиями: расширением камер сердца, низкой фракцией выброса левого желудочка, прогрессирующей недостаточностью кровообращения и нарушениями ритма сердца. Относительно благоприятный прогноз при АКМп связан с частичной обратимостью поражения миокарда при условии воздержания от употребления алкоголя. Специфические лекарственные средства для терапии АКМп отсутствуют. Инновационные подходы к лечению предполагают использование факторов роста и регуляции миокарда, синтезируемых кардиомиоцитами, а также стимуляцию процессов регенерации и репарации сердечной мышцы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcoholic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>dilated cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>myocardial diseases</kwd><kwd>alcohol</kwd><kwd>alcoholic heart disease</kwd><kwd>dose-related effect</kwd><kwd>ethanol</kwd><kwd>cardiomyocyte</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алкогольная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>дилатационная кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>болезни миокарда</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd><kwd>алкогольное поражение сердца</kwd><kwd>дозозависимость</kwd><kwd>этанол</kwd><kwd>кардиомиоцит</kwd><kwd>митохондрия</kwd><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobalava Zh.D., Lazarev P.V., Goncharov A.S. 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