The ClinicianThe ClinicianКлиницист1818-83382412-8775Publishing House ABV Press49410.17650/1818-8338-2022-16-2-K667REVIEWОБЗОРExpanding the possibilities of treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in cancer patients. The role of oral anticoagulantsРасширение возможностей лечения и профилактики венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений у пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями. Роль пероральных антикоагулянтовhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7160-3333BredikhinR. A.БредихинР. А.
Russian Federation

Roman Aleksandrovich Bredikhin

49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012

12a Karbysheva St., Kazan, 420101

Роман Александрович Бредихин

420012 Казань,  ул. Бутлерова, 49

420101 Казань, ул. Карбышева, 12а

rbredikhin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-2263AkhmetzyanovR. V.АхметзяновР. В.
Russian Federation

49 Butlerova St., Kazan, 420012

12a Karbysheva St., Kazan, 420101

420012 Казань,  ул. Бутлерова, 49

420101 Казань, ул. Карбышева, 12а

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-7720KhayrullinR. N.ХайруллинР. Н.
Russian Federation

12a Karbysheva St., Kazan, 420101

420101 Казань, ул. Карбышева, 12а

Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииInterregional Clinical and Diagnostic CenterГАУЗ «Межрегиональный клинико-­диагностический центр»Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic CenterГАУЗ «Межрегиональный клинико­-диагностический центр»1504202216217261010202210102022Copyright ©; 2022, Bredikhin R.A., Akhmetzyanov R.V., Khayrullin R.N.Copyright ©; 2022, Бредихин Р.А., Ахметзянов Р.В., Хайруллин Р.Н.2022Bredikhin R.A., Akhmetzyanov R.V., Khayrullin R.N.Бредихин Р.А., Ахметзянов Р.В., Хайруллин Р.Н.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/494

Improving the quality of care for patients with oncological diseases due to the improvement of methods of chemoradiotherapy and surgical interventions, accessibility and modernization of diagnostic potential, is accompanied by a steady increase in the frequency of venous thromboembolic complications, which occupy one of the leading places among the causes of death.

Patients with oncological diseases are subject to various risk factors for thromboembolic complications, which are caused by the presence of a malignant neoplasm, due to the development of many coagulation abnormalities, initiating not only an increased tendency to thrombosis, but also a tendency to bleeding. Cancer-associated venous thrombosis, growing out of the framework of certain medical specialties, act as comorbid pathological conditions that require an interdisciplinary approach in developing rational methods of prevention and treatment. Improving the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of venous thrombosis in cancer patients contributes to the development of modern methods of prevention and treatment, among which anticoagulant therapy plays a dominant role. The appearance of oral anticoagulants on the pharmaceutical market, the effectiveness and safety of which is confirmed by a series of randomized clinical trials, opens up new prospects for improving the quality of life and long-term survival in patients with malignant neoplasms.

Улучшение качества оказания помощи пациентам с онкологическими заболеваниями вследствие совершенствования методов химиолучевого лечения и оперативных вмешательств, доступности и модернизации диагностического потенциала сопровождается неуклонным ростом частоты венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений, которые занимают одно из лидирующих мест среди причин смерти. пациенты с онкозаболеваниями подвержены различным факторам риска тромбоэмболических осложнений, которые обусловлены наличием злокачественного новообразования, вследствие развития множества коагуляционных аномалий, инициирующих не только повышенную тенденцию к возникновению тромбозов, но и склонность к кровотечениям.

Канцер-ассоциированные венозные тромбозы, вырастая из рамок определенных врачебных специальностей, выступают в качестве коморбидных патологических состояний, требующих междисциплинарного подхода в выработке рациональных способов профилактики и лечения. Совершенствование понимания патофизиологических механизмов развития венозных тромбозов у онкологических больных способствует развитию современных методов профилактики и лечения, среди которых главенствующая роль отводится антикоагулянтной терапии. появление на фармацевтическом рынке оральных антикоагулянтов, эффективность и безопасность которых подтверждаются серией рандомизированных клинических исследований, открывает новые перспективы в улучшении качества жизни и долгосрочной выживаемости пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями.

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