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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">481</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2022-16-1-K643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is a promising biological marker of heart failure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гамма-глутамилтранспептидаза – перспективный биологический маркер сердечной недостаточности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-8579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amina Magomedovna Alieva </p><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Амина Магомедовна Алиева </p><p> 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><email>amisha_alieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-6290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baykova</surname><given-names>I. E. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байкова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1111-6378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>K.  V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-4680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-0987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnakhova</surname><given-names>L.  M. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнахова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bld. 2, 8 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-3716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiev</surname><given-names>R.  K. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиев</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>86 Entuziastov Hwy, Moscow 111123</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 111123 Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-6638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elmurzaeva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эльмурзаева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>173 Chernyshevsky St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 360004 Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9601-1174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhaev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахаев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>173 Chernyshevsky St., Nalchik 360004</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 360004 Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, 173 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-4523</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalova</surname><given-names>M. R. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калова</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-0881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>I.  G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> 117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научный центр им. А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kabardino-­Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кабардино­-Балкарский государственный университет имени Х.М. Бербекова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kabardino­-Balkarian State University named after Kh. M. Berbekov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Кабардино-­Балкарский государственный университет имени Х.М. Бербекова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Alieva A.M., Baykova I.E., Voronkova K.V., Teplova N.V., Shnakhova L.M., Valiev R.K., Elmurzaeva D.A., Rakhaev A.M., Kalova M.R., Nikitin I.G.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Алиева А.М., Байкова И.Е., Воронкова К.В., Теплова Н.В., Шнахова Л.М., Валиев Р.К., Эльмурзаева Д.А., Рахаев А.М., Калова М.Р., Никитин И.Г.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alieva A.M., Baykova I.E., Voronkova K.V., Teplova N.V., Shnakhova L.M., Valiev R.K., Elmurzaeva D.A., Rakhaev A.M., Kalova M.R., Nikitin I.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алиева А.М., Байкова И.Е., Воронкова К.В., Теплова Н.В., Шнахова Л.М., Валиев Р.К., Эльмурзаева Д.А., Рахаев А.М., Калова М.Р., Никитин И.Г.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/481">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/481</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Currently, the search and study of new biological markers that can help early diagnosis of heart failure, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing the effectiveness of therapy, be a predictive marker of possible adverse clinical outcomes and a significant criterion for risk stratification is very relevant. While cardiospecific markers, including natriuretic peptides, their precursors, and highly sensitive troponins, are widely used in clinical practice, the need to use other markers does not have sufficient evidence. aspect of a biological marker of heart failure.</p><p>Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme localized on the outer side of cell membranes and involved in the metabolism of glutathione and cysteine. This enzyme is a dimeric glycoprotein (68 kDa), consisting of 2 subunits – a large and a small (46 and 22 kDa). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is encoded by a multigene family consisting of at least 7 different genes located on chromosome 22; however, only 1 of these genes is involved in the formation of a functional enzyme. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was found in all cells except erythrocytes. There is a significant variability in enzyme activity, which is especially high in tissues with a secretory and absorptive function, such as the kidneys, biliary tract, intestines, and epididymis.</p><p><bold>Purpose of the review </bold>is to present an overview of current publications devoted to the study of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in the aspect of a biological marker of heart failure.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The analysis of literature sources (foreign and domestic articles) was carried out in the databases: PubMed, RSCI, MedLine, Google Scholar, Science Direct. The search was performed according to the following keywords: biological markers, heart failure, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, biological markers, heart failure, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> In addition to its clinical use as a test for liver disease, biliary tract disease, and alcohol abuse, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase is of great interest because of its association with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In the literature available to us, we found a small number of works devoted to the study of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in patients with heart failure. In the review, we have presented data from experimental and clinical studies indicating a clear link between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and heart failure. The pathogenetic mechanism of the possible relationship between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and heart failure is not completely clear. The localization of this enzyme in tissues with a transport function has led to the assumption that it is involved in the transport of amino acids through the γ-glutamyl cycle.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Further deeper understanding of the structure and function of the enzyme is needed, as well as future clinical studies to determine the diagnostic, prognostic and possibly therapeutic significance of this biological marker.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> поиск и изучение новых биологических маркеров, способных помогать ранней диагностике сердечной недостаточности, служить лабораторным инструментом оценки эффективности терапии, прогностическим маркером возможных неблагоприятных клинических исходов и значимым критерием стратификации риска, весьма актуальны. Кардиоспецифические маркеры, включающие натрийуретические пептиды, их предшественники и высокочувствительные тропонины широко применяются в клинической практике, а необходимость в иных маркерах не имеет достаточной доказательной базы.</p><p>Гамма-глутамилтранспептидаза – фермент, локализованный на внешней стороне мембран клеток и участвующий в метаболизме глутатиона и цистеина: димерный гликопротеин (68 кДа), состоящий из 2 субъединиц – большой и малой (46 и 22 кДа). Кодируется мультигенным семейством: по меньшей мере 7 различных генов в хромосоме 22, но только 1 из них участвует в образовании функционального фермента. Гамма-глутамилтранспептидаза обнаружена во всех клетках (исключение – эритроциты). Наблюдается значительная вариабельность ее активности, которая особенно высока в тканях с секреторной и абсорбционной функцией (почки, желчные пути, кишечник и придатки яичек).</p><p><bold>Цель обзора </bold>– представить обзор актуальных публикаций, посвященных исследованиям γ-глутамилтранспептидазы в аспекте биологического маркера сердечной недостаточности.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> представлен обзор актуальных публикаций (зарубежных и отечественных), посвященных исследованиям γ-глутамилтранспептидазы в аспекте биологического маркера сердечной недостаточности, в базах данных PubMed, РИНЦ, MedLine, Google Scholar, Science Direct. Ключевые слова поиска: биологические маркеры, сердечная недостаточность, γ-глутамилтранспептидаза, biological markers, heart failure, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> помимо клинического тестирования болезней печени, желчных путей и злоупотребления алкоголем, γ-глутамилтранспептидаза вызывает большой интерес из-за ее связи с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, диабетом, метаболическим синдромом и раком. В литературе найдено немного работ по ее изучению у больных с сердечной недостаточностью. представлены данные экспериментальных и клинических исследований, указывающих на очевидную связь между γ-глутамилтранспептидазой и сердечной недостаточностью.</p><p>Патогенетический механизм возможной взаимосвязи до конца не ясен. Локализация γ-глутамилтранспептидазы в тканях с транспортной функцией привела к предположению, что она участвует в транспорте аминокислот через γ-глутамиловый цикл.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Необходимы более глубинное понимание структуры и функции фермента и клинические исследования для определения диагностической, прогностической и, возможно, терапевтической значимости данного биологического маркера.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase</kwd><kwd>biological marker</kwd><kwd>natriuretic peptides</kwd><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>ejection fraction</kwd><kwd>left ventricle</kwd><kwd>hepatic enzymes</kwd><kwd>end point</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>hospitalization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гамма-глутамилтранспептидаза</kwd><kwd>биологический маркер</kwd><kwd>натрийуретические пептиды</kwd><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>фракция выброса</kwd><kwd>левый желудочек</kwd><kwd>печеночные ферменты</kwd><kwd>конечная точка</kwd><kwd>смертность</kwd><kwd>госпитализация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alieva A.M., Reznik E.V., Hasanova E.T. et al. 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