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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">461</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-3-4-K639</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Aortic regurgitation: epidemiologic, etiologic, and pathophysiologic characteristics</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аортальная регургитация: эпидемиологические, этиологические и патофизиологические особенности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-1186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 Ilyicha Avenue, Donetsk 283003, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283003 Донецк, проспект Ильича, 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-1522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatutin</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватутин</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 Ilyicha Avenue, Donetsk 283003, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine45 Leninsky Prospekt, Donetsk 283045, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283003 Донецк, проспект Ильича, 16Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283045 Донецк, Ленинский проспект, 47</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-8482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taradin</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарадин</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 Ilyicha Avenue, Donetsk 283003, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine45 Leninsky Prospekt, Donetsk 283045, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Геннадьевич Тарадин</p><p>Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283003 Донецк, проспект Ильича, 16Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283045 Донецк, Ленинский проспект, 47 </p></bio><email>taradin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-2576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevelok</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевелёк</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 Ilyicha Avenue, Donetsk 283003, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine45 Leninsky Prospekt, Donetsk 283045, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283003 Донецк, проспект Ильича, 16Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283045 Донецк, Ленинский проспект, 47</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-6614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakitskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="UA">Ukraine</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 Ilyicha Avenue, Donetsk 283003, Donetsk People’s Republic/Ukraine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецкая Народная Республика/Украина, 283003 Донецк, проспект Ильича, 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education “M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Institution “Institute of Urgent and Reconstructive Surgery named after V. K. Gusak”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГУ «Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В. К. Гусака»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3-4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Ignatenko G.A., Vatutin N.T., Taradin G.G., Shevelok A.N., Rakitskaya I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Игнатенко Г.А., Ватутин Н.Т., Тарадин Г.Г., Шевелёк А.Н., Ракитская И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ignatenko G.A., Vatutin N.T., Taradin G.G., Shevelok A.N., Rakitskaya I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Игнатенко Г.А., Ватутин Н.Т., Тарадин Г.Г., Шевелёк А.Н., Ракитская И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/461">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/461</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The presented review concerns aortic regurgitation which occupies a significant place in the structure of valvular heart disease. The detailed anatomic and physiologic description of the aortic valve is provided. The characteristics of sinotubular, ventricular-aortic junctions, and virtual aortic annulus are presented. There are data about prevalence of aortic regurgitation on the basis of results of population studies, indicating the increase in incidence of aortic regurgitation among individuals older 70–74 years. The detailed etiologic structure of this valvular pathology is described with specifying of the most common causes of both aortic disease and aortic cusps alterations. In particular, there are some aortic diseases, resulting in acute aortic regurgitation, including acute aortic dissection and paravalvular regurgitation in incompetence of the prosthetic aortic valve; in chronic one – idiopathic dilation of the aortic root, inherited connective tissue dysplasias (Ehlers–Danlos, Marfan, and Loeys–Dietz syndromes), bicuspid aortic valve, aortitis of various origin, seronegative arthropathies (reactive, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis) etc. Infective endocarditis and traumatic exposure are commonly responsible for development of acute regurgitation due to aortic cusps abnormalities. Chronic aortic regurgitation as a consequence valve defects occurs in rheumatic heart disease, degenerative changes, congenital anomalies, systemic connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis), non-specific aortoarteritis, etc. The special attention is paid to pathophysiologic features of acute and chronic aortic regurgitation in the review. Acute aortic regurgitation is characterized by sudden increase in end-diastolic volume and due to the noncompliant left ventricle of normal size, it undergoes abrupt exposure a significant pre-load and after-load which results in decrease of left ventricle systolic function and stroke volume despite on relative preservation of contractile function of myocardium. In contrast to acute aortic regurgitation it is remarkable in its chronic form slow, progressive influence by increased overload of the left ventricle with possibility to adapt driven by its gradual dilation and hypertrophy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представленный обзор посвящен аортальной регургитации, занимающей существенное место в структуре клапанной болезни сердца.. Приводится подробное анатомо­физиологическое описание аортального клапана. Дана характеристика синотубулярного и вентрикулоаортального сочленений, виртуального аортального кольца. Сообщаются данные о распространенности аортальной регургитации по результатам популяционных исследований, свидетельствующие об увеличении ее частоты среди лиц старше 70–74 лет. Подробно представлена этиологическая структура этой патологии с перечислением наиболее распространенных причин поражения как аорты, так и створок аортального клапана. К заболеваниям аорты, приводящим к острой аортальной регургитации, относят острое расслоение аорты и паравальвулярную регургитацию при несостоятельности искусственного аортального клапана. Хроническую форму этой патологии вызывают идиопатическая дилатация корня аорты, наследственные соединительнотканные дисплазии (синдромы Элерса–Данло, Марфана и Лойес–Дитца), двустворчатый аортальный клапан, аортит различного генеза, серонегативные артропатии (реактивный, псориатический артриты, анкилозирующий спондилит) и др. Отмечается, что инфекционный эндокардит и травматическое воздействие чаще вызывают развитие острой аортальной регургитации за счет повреждения аортальных створок. Хроническая аортальная регургитация вследствие клапанных дефектов наблюдается при ревматической болезни сердца, дегенеративных изменениях, врожденных аномалиях, системных заболеваниях соединительной ткани (системная красная волчанка, ревматоидный артрит), неспецифическом аортоартериите и др. В обзоре большое внимание уделяется патофизиологическим характеристикам острой и хронической аортальной регургитации. Острая форма данной патологии характеризуется внезапным увеличением конечно-диастолического объема. В связи с неподатливостью левого желудочка он подвергается резкому воздействию значительной пред- и постнагрузки, что в дальнейшем снижает его систолическую функцию и ударный объем, несмотря на относительную сохранность сократительной способности миокарда. При хронической форме аортальной регургитации отмечается медленно прогрессирующее воздействие увеличенной перегрузки объёмом на левый желудочек с возможностью адаптироваться за счет его постепенной дилатации и гипертрофии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>valvular heart disease</kwd><kwd>aortic valve</kwd><kwd>aortic root</kwd><kwd>aortic regurgitation</kwd><kwd>aortic incompetence</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>pathophysiology</kwd><kwd>hemodynamics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клапанная болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>аортальный клапан</kwd><kwd>корень аорты</kwd><kwd>аортальная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>аортальная регургитация</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>патофизиология</kwd><kwd>гемодинамика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors express their sincere gratitude to Anastasia Taradina for invaluable help in illustrating the work and to Dr. Philippe Pibarot (Department of Cardiology, Institute of Heart and Lungs of Quebec, Quebec, Canada) for informational support.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают искреннюю признательность Анастасии Тарадиной за неоценимую помощь в иллюстративном оформлении работы и доктору Philippe Pibarot (отделение кардиологии, Институт сердца и легких Квебека, Квебек, Канада) за информационную поддержку.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpova N.Ju., Rashid M.A., Kazakova T.V., Shostak N.A. 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