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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">426</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-1-2-91-99</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOTHERAPY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Safety of selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: analysis of the last years data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Безопасность селективных нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов: анализ данных последних лет</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-1006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shostak</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шостак</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad. A. I. Nesterov</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А. И. Нестерова</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad. A. I. Nesterov</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А. И. Нестерова</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-8777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad. A. I. Nesterov</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Демидова</p><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А. И. Нестерова</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><email>ndemidova03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-4819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anichkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аничков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad. A. I. Nesterov</p><p>1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А. И. Нестерова</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1-2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-05-08"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Shostak N.A., Klimenko A.A., Demidova N.A., Anichkov D.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Шостак Н.А., Клименко А.А., Демидова Н.А., Аничков Д.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shostak N.A., Klimenko A.A., Demidova N.A., Anichkov D.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шостак Н.А., Клименко А.А., Демидова Н.А., Аничков Д.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/426">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/426</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used pain relievers. However, their use often threatens with serious undesirable effects, associated mainly with damage to cardiovascular system (CVS), gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver. Contraindications to NSAIDs prescription are clearly regulated, algorithms for their personalized appointment are determined taking into account risk factors for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse events. The severity of NSAIDs side effects is mainly due to the selectivity to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the physicochemical properties of various drugs. Cardiovascular adverse events differ among various NSAIDs both within commonly used drugs and among COX-2 inhibitors. It is well known that NSAIDs selective for COX-2 are safer in terms of the effect on the gastrointestinal tract than non-selective drugs. A meta-analysis showed that relatively selective COX-2 inhibitors (meloxicam, etodolac) were associated with a comparable risk of developing symptomatic ulcers and ulcers identified by endoscopy, and safety and tolerability profiles of the drugs were similar.All NSAIDs are associated with cardiovascular toxicity, however, different drugs have significant risk differences. The mechanism of NSAIDs cardiovascular adverse effects is associated with an increase of blood pressure, sodium retention, vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and prothrombotic state. It has been shown that the risk of cardiovascular adverse events when taking COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, etoricoxib) significantly increases. According to a study of more than 8 million people, it was found that the risk of myocardial infarction was increased in patients taking ketorolac. Further, highest to lowest risk authors list indomethacin, etoricoxib, rofecoxib (not currently used), diclofenac, a fixed combination of diclofenac with misoprostol, piroxicam, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, meloxicam, nimesulide and ketoprofen. When taking NSAIDs, the risk of heart failure decompensation increases, and it turned out to be the greatest for ketorolac, etoricoxib, and indomethacin. Meloxicam, aceclofenac, ketoprofen almost did not increase heart failure risk. It should be noted that when using the drugs (except for indomethacin and meloxicam), there is a tendency to increase the total cardiovascular and renal risks with increasing doses. Thus, it is obvious that a very careful approach is required when choosing NSAIDs. If there is an increased risk of gastrointestinal complications associated with NSAIDs, selective NSAIDs are preferred, with both coxibs and traditional selective NSAIDs showing the best safety profile in the studies. To minimize cardiovascular side effects specialists should consider the risk level of cardiovascular complications, as well as results of large clinical studies where particular NSAIDs are compared.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП) – лекарственные средства для купирования болевого синдрома, применяемые наиболее часто. Однако их использование нередко грозит серьезными нежелательными эффектами, связанными преимущественно с поражением сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС), желудочно-кишечного тракта, почек и печени. Противопоказания к назначению НПВП четко регламентированы, определены алгоритмы их персонифицированного назначения с учетом наличия факторов риска развития нежелательных явлений со стороны ССС и желудочно-кишечного тракта. Выраженность побочных эффектов НПВП обусловлена преимущественно селективностью к циклооксигеназе 2 (ЦОГ-2), а также физико-химическими свойствами различных препаратов. Нежелательные явления со стороны ССС отличаются у различных представителей НПВП как внутри группы традиционных препаратов, так и среди ингибиторов ЦОГ-2. Хорошо известно, что применение НПВП, селективных к ЦОГ-2, более безопасно с точки зрения влияния на желудочно-кишечный тракт, чем использование неселективных препаратов. По данным метаанализа, относительно селективные ингибиторы ЦОГ-2 (мелоксикам, этодолак) были связаны с сопоставимым риском развития симптоматической язвы и язвы, выявленной при эндоскопическом исследовании, при этом профили безопасности и переносимости препаратов были сходны.</p><p>Сердечно-сосудистая токсичность присуща всем НПВП, однако у разных препаратов существуют значимые отличия в степени риска. Механизм неблагоприятного воздействия НПВП на ССС связан с повышением артериального давления, задержкой натрия, вазоконстрикцией, активацией тромбоцитов и протромботическим состоянием. Показано, что риск сердечно-сосудистых нежелательных явлений при приеме ингибиторов ЦОГ-2 (целекоксиба, эторикоксиба) значимо увеличивается. По данным исследования, включавшего более 8 млн человек, выявлено, что риск инфаркта миокарда был повышен у пациентов, принимающих кеторолак. Далее в порядке убывания риска отмечены индометацин, эторикоксиб, рофекоксиб (в настоящее время не применяется), диклофенак, фиксированная комбинация диклофенака с мизопростолом, пироксикам, ибупрофен, напроксен, целекоксиб, мелоксикам, нимесулид и кетопрофен. При приеме НПВП увеличивается риск декомпенсации сердечной недостаточности, причем он оказался наибольшим для кеторолака, эторикоксиба и индометацина. Практически не повышали риск сердечной недостаточности мелоксикам, ацеклофенак, кетопрофен. Следует отметить, что при использовании препаратов (кроме индометацина и мелоксикама) отмечается тенденция к повышению совокупного сердечно-сосудистого и почечного рисков с увеличением дозы.</p><p>Таким образом, очевидно, что при выборе НПВП требуется очень осторожный подход. При наличии повышенного риска желудочно-кишечных осложнений, ассоциированных с приемом НПВП, предпочтение отдается селективным НПВП, причем как коксибы, так и традиционные селективные НПВП продемонстрировали в исследованиях наилучший профиль безопасности. Для минимизации побочных эффектов со стороны ССС следует учитывать степень риска сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, результаты крупных клинических исследований, посвященных сравнению отдельных представителей НПВП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>side effects</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal complications</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular complications</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>болевой синдром</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>побочные эффекты</kwd><kwd>гастроинтестинальные осложнения</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые осложнения</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы циклооксигеназы-2</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed with the support of Beringer Ingelheim.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке компании «Берингер Ингельхайм».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rane M.A., Gitin A., Fiedler B. et al. 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