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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">421</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-1-2-55-61</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Scleroderma as a paraneoplastic syndrome and tumors associated with scleroderma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Склеродермия как паранеопластический синдром и опухоли, ассоциированные со склеродермией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-1006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shostak</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шостак</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9784</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-8777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Александровна Демидова</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><email>ndemidova03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-6022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andriyashkina</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрияшкина</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1-2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Shostak N.A., Klimenko A.A., Demidova N.A., Andriyashkina D.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Шостак Н.А., Клименко А.А., Демидова Н.А., Андрияшкина Д.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shostak N.A., Klimenko A.A., Demidova N.A., Andriyashkina D.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шостак Н.А., Клименко А.А., Демидова Н.А., Андрияшкина Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/421">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/421</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Patients with systemic scleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SS), have an increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms. Cancer can be diagnosed immediately prior to SS symptoms, at the stage of diagnosis and years after SS diagnosis. The first two cases may indicate scleroderma-like paraneoplastic syndrome. In this case, the main mechanism of paraneoplastic syndrome development is associated with immune system activation by antigens, expressed by tumor cells, which leads to the development of antibodies that cross-react with body tissues, causing damage and secondary regeneration. Thus, cancer induces autoimmunity – mutation-specific T-cell immune response, and pathogenetic mechanisms can be the same for fibrogenesis and oncogenesis.SS clinical and laboratory characteristics that indicate paraneoplastic etiology include minimum time difference between diagnosing scleroderma and cancer, as well as oncopathology in a patient’s or family cancer history, late disease onset (after 50 years), SS symptoms in a man, sudden onset and rapid progression of clinical symptoms, expressed or atypical SS symptoms (malaise, fever, significant weight loss), asymmetric or absent Raynaud syndrome, antibodies against RNA polymerase III, absence of anticentromeric antibodies and anti-Scl70, deviations in laboratory tests indicating possible oncopathology (anemia, hypercalcemia, hypergammaglobulinemia), no response to SS treatment, disappearance of SS symptoms after anticancer treatment and their appearance when cancer reactivation. On the other hand, patients with scleroderma have an increased risk of all types of cancer, with men at higher risk than women. Continuous autoimmune stimulation, B-cell activation, chronic inflammatory process and fibrosis in SS patients can lead to malignant transformation in certain organ systems, especially in lungs.The most important risk factor for lung cancer in SS patients is interstitial lung disease, requiring special attention from a physician. In addition to lung cancer, SS patients more likely than the general population suffer from malignant hematologic diseases, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and bladder cancer. Scleroderma-like skin changes are also possible when cytotoxic drugs are used to treat cancer (docetaxel, paclitaxel, bleomycin, etc.), as well as during radiation therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Больные системной склеродермией, или системным склерозом (СС), имеют повышенный риск развития злокачественных новообразований. Рак может быть диагностирован непосредственно перед появлением симптомов СС, на этапе установления диагноза и спустя годы после постановки диагноза СС. В первых двух случаях может идти речь о наличии у пациента склеродермоподобного паранеопластического синдрома. В этой ситуации основной механизм развития паранеопластического синдрома связан с активацией иммунной системы антигенами, экспрессируемыми опухолевыми клетками, что приводит к выработке антител, которые перекрестно реагируют с тканями организма, вызывая их повреждение и вторичную регенерацию. Таким образом, рак индуцирует аутоиммунитет – мутационно-специфический Т-клеточный иммунный ответ, а патогенетические механизмы могут быть едиными как для фиброгенеза, так и для онкогенеза.</p><p>К клинико-лабораторным особенностям СС, свидетельствующим о паранеопластической этиологии, относятся минимальная разница во времени между установлением диагноза склеродермии и рака, наличие онкопатологии в анамнезе у пациента или семейный анамнез рака, позднее начало заболевания (после 50 лет), развитие симптомов СС у мужчины, внезапное начало и быстрое прогрессирование клинических симптомов, выраженные или нетипичные для СС общие симптомы (недомогание, лихорадка, значительное снижение массы тела), асимметричный феномен Рейно или отсутствие последнего, наличие антител против РНКполимеразы III, отсутствие антицентромерных антител и анти-Scl70, отклонения в лабораторных исследованиях, свидетельствующие о возможной онкопатологии (анемия, гиперкальциемия, гипергаммаглобулинемия), отсутствие ответа на лечение СС, исчезновение симптомов СС после противоракового лечения и их появление при реактивации онкологического заболевания. С другой стороны, пациенты со склеродермией имеют повышенный риск всех видов рака, причем риск у мужчин выше, чем у женщин. Постоянная аутоиммунная стимуляция, активация B-клеток, хронический воспалительный процесс и фиброз у больных СС могут привести к злокачественной трансформации в определенных системах органов, прежде всего в легких.</p><p>Наиболее важным фактором риска развития рака легких у больных СС является интерстициальное поражение легочной ткани, что требует особого внимания со стороны врача при ведении таких больных. Кроме рака легких, больные СС чаще, чем в общей популяции, страдают от злокачественных гематологических заболеваний, рака пищевода, гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы и рака мочевого пузыря. Также возможно развитие склеродермоподобных изменений кожи при воздействии цитотоксических препаратов, используемых для лечения рака (доцетаксел, паклитаксел, блеомицин и др.), лучевой терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic scleroderma</kwd><kwd>systemic sclerosis</kwd><kwd>malignancies</kwd><kwd>scleroderma-like paraneoplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>borderline cancer</kwd><kwd>tumorassociated scleroderma</kwd><kwd>malignant transformation</kwd><kwd>circumscribed scleroderma</kwd><kwd>localized scleroderma</kwd><kwd>morphea</kwd><kwd>fibrogenesis</kwd><kwd>sclerodactyly</kwd><kwd>Raynaud syndrome</kwd><kwd>capillaroscopic changes of nailfold vessels</kwd><kwd>autoimmunity</kwd><kwd>antinuclear antibodies</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies to toisomerase I</kwd><kwd>anticentromeric antibodies</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies to RNA polymerase III</kwd><kwd>interstitial lung disease</kwd><kwd>Barrett’s esophagus</kwd><kwd>lung cancer</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicotherapy</kwd><kwd>cyclophosphamide</kwd><kwd>docetaxel</kwd><kwd>bleomycin</kwd><kwd>cancer prevention</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>системный склероз</kwd><kwd>злокачественные заболевания</kwd><kwd>склеродермоподобный паранеопластический синдром</kwd><kwd>паранеоплазия</kwd><kwd>опухолеассоциированная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>злокачественная трансформация</kwd><kwd>очаговая склеродермия</kwd><kwd>локализованная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>морфея</kwd><kwd>фиброгенез</kwd><kwd>склеродактилия</kwd><kwd>синдром Рейно</kwd><kwd>капилляроскопические изменения сосудов ногтевого ложа</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунитет</kwd><kwd>антиядерные антитела</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела к топоизомеразе I</kwd><kwd>антицентромерные антитела</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела к РНК-полимеразе III</kwd><kwd>интерстициальное поражение легких</kwd><kwd>пищевод Барретта</kwd><kwd>рак легкого</kwd><kwd>цитотоксическая терапия</kwd><kwd>циклофосфамид</kwd><kwd>доцетаксел</kwd><kwd>блеомицин</kwd><kwd>профилактика онкопатологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tyndall A.J., Bannert B., Vonk M. et al. 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