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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-1-2-34-41</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Calcific aortic stenosis: known facts and promising studies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кальцинированный аортальный стеноз: известные факты и перспективные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7841-8966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7546-4841</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rashid</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рашид</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Build 10, Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117342</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Акрамович Рашид</p><p>117342 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1, стр. 10</p></bio><email>miran68@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-0437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чипигина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-9709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chipigina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-006X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zudilina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зудилина</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>1 Ostrovitianov St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр цереброваскулярной патологии и инсульта» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1-2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Karpova N.Y., Rashid M.A., Kazakova T.V., Chipigina N.S., Zudilina A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Карпова Н.Ю., Рашид М.А., Чипигина Н.С., Казакова Т.В., Зудилина А.Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpova N.Y., Rashid M.A., Kazakova T.V., Chipigina N.S., Zudilina A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпова Н.Ю., Рашид М.А., Чипигина Н.С., Казакова Т.В., Зудилина А.Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/419">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/419</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Calcific aortic stenosis is a common heart disease and the most common cause of surgical interventions on heart valves in old age. Eliminated course, nonspecific clinical symptoms, and late patients seeking surgical help, lead to high mortality, reaching 50 % over the next 5 years. Despite the frequent occurrence, our knowledge of this type of aortic defect remains incomplete. About 300 years ago A. Bonnet first described defect as a random isolated pathological finding in the corpse of a Parisian tailor. Later, R. Virchow designated ectopic calcification / ossification as the main cause of the development of the disease and put forward the theory of hematogenous drift. In 1904, J. G. Mönckeberg considered calcific aortic stenosis a manifestation of “senile degeneration” of valves and blood vessels. W. S. Roberts retrospectively correlated the classic triad of symptoms with the time of death of patients with aortic stenosis. The progress of cardiac surgery in the middle of the 20<sup>th</sup> century made it possible to describe in detail ectopic calcification as an active, progressive, recurrent and potentially modifiable process. In the works of the staff of the Nesterov’s department of facultative therapy demonstrated a high incidence of the disease in the population of the Russia. The main reason for the development of symptoms is a progressive obstruction of the exit tract of the left ventricle of the heart, its uneven hypertrophy, rhythm and conduction disturbances in combination with concomitant arterial hypertension and other comorbidities. A change in the nature of systolic murmur, underestimation of symptoms by doctors and patients themselves, the ambiguity of echocardiography data lead to late diagnosis of the disease and untimely surgical treatment. Disturbances of calcium and bone metabolism significantly reduce the functional status of patients, including due to an adverse effect on cardiac hemodynamics. Modern molecular genetic studies are aimed at finding possible ways to control a systemic inflammatory reaction, suppress lipid peroxidation, inhibit calcification and modify the osteogenic potential of interstitial cells of heart valves.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Кальцинированный аортальный стеноз является распространенным кардиологическим заболеванием и самой частой причиной проведения оперативных вмешательств на клапанах сердца в пожилом возрасте. Стертое течение, неспецифичность клинических симптомов, поздние обращения пациентов за оперативной помощью приводят к высокой летальности, достигающей 50 % в течение ближайших 5 лет. Несмотря на частую встречаемость, наше знание о данном типе аортального порока остается неполным. Около 300 лет назад А. Bonnet впервые описал порок как случайную изолированную патоморфологическую находку у трупа парижского портного. Позднее R. Virchow обозначил эктопическую кальцификацию / оссификацию в качестве основной причины развития заболевания и выдвинул теорию гематогенного заноса. В 1904 г. J. G. Mönckeberg счел кальцинированный аортальный стеноз проявлением «сенильной дегенерации» клапанов и сосудов. W. S. Roberts ретроспективно соотнес классическую триаду симптомов с временем смерти пациентов с аортальным стенозом. Прогресс кардиохирургии в середине XX в. позволил подробно описать эктопический кальциноз как активный, прогрессирующий, рецидивирующий и потенциально модифицируемый процесс. В работах сотрудников кафедры факультетской терапии им. академика А. И. Нестерова продемонстрирована высокая частота встречаемости порока в клинике внутренних болезней для популяции России.</p><p>Основными причинами развития симптомов являются прогрессирующая обструкция выходного тракта левого желудочка сердца, неравномерная его гипертрофия, нарушения ритма и проводимости в сочетании с сопутствующей артериальной гипертензией и другими коморбидными состояниями. Изменение характера систолического шума изгнания, недооценка симптомов врачами и самими пациентами, неоднозначность данных эхокардиографии приводят к поздней диагностике порока и несвоевременному обращению к хирургу. Нарушения кальциевого и костного метаболизма существенно снижают функциональный статус пациентов, в том числе вследствие неблагоприятного влияния на состояние внутрисердечной гемодинамики. Современные молекулярно-генетические исследования направлены на поиск возможных путей контроля системной воспалительной реакции, подавления перекисного окисления липидов, угнетения кальциноза и модификации остеогенного потенциала интерстициальных клеток клапанов сердца.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>valvular heart disease</kwd><kwd>calcific aortic stenosis</kwd><kwd>left ventricular hypertrophy</kwd><kwd>angina pectoris</kwd><kwd>syncope</kwd><kwd>shortness of breath</kwd><kwd>bone metabolism</kwd><kwd>calcium metabolism</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic studies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>клапанные пороки сердца</kwd><kwd>кальцинированный аортальный стеноз</kwd><kwd>гипертрофия левого желудочка</kwd><kwd>стенокардия</kwd><kwd>синкопальные состояния</kwd><kwd>одышка</kwd><kwd>костный обмен</kwd><kwd>метаболизм кальция</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World report on aging and health. 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