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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">387</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2019-13-1-2-55-64</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, treatment approaches</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Внебольничная пневмония. Диагностика, подходы к лечению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7463-8603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anderzhanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андержанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8 Leninskiy Av., Moscow 119049, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 117049 Москва, Ленинский проспект, 8</p></bio><email>anderzhanova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-6731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meleshkina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелёшкина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>8 Leninskiy Av., Moscow 119049, Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 117049 Москва, Ленинский проспект, 8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N. I. Pirogov of the Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 1 им. Н. И. Пирогова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1-2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Anderzhanova A.A., Meleshkina Y.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Андержанова А.А., Мелёшкина Ю.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anderzhanova A.A., Meleshkina Y.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андержанова А.А., Мелёшкина Ю.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/387">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/387</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents current data on the prevalence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia, shows the contribution of each of the possible pathogens to the structure of the disease. The diagnostic criteria for pneumonia are given. The main algorithms for assessing the severity of pneumonia and the prognosis of the disease using different scales: CURB-65 / CRB-65, PORT (PSI), are described. The purpose of the test is to determine the place of treatment: outpatient or in the in-patient department, in the general department or in the intensive care unit. The criteria for IDSA / ATS (American Thoracic Society / American Society of Infectious Diseases), as well as the SMART-COP / SMRCO scale to determine the need for hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit, are reviewed. The Aliberti and PES scales are given, assessing the risk of the presence of resistant pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia. Modern recommendations on the empirical choice of antibacterial drugs depending on individual patient factors are presented: anamnestic indications for treatment with antimicrobials during the preceding three months, hospitalization within six months before the onset of pneumonia, the presence of comorbidities, the severity of the disease, the risk of resistant pathogens. The average therapeutic doses of antibacterial drugs for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with normal renal function are indicated. The questions of the optimal duration of treatment of pneumonia depending on the etiology are considered, the criteria of sufficiency of antibacterial therapy are presented. The reasons for the possible ineffectiveness of the empirical antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pneumonia are described. The importance of identifying a particular form of community-acquired pneumonia – severe community-acquired pneumonia is emphasized. Described drugs for the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia. The issues of prevention of pneumonia were discussed, its importance in the strategy of reducing mortality according to the World Health Organization was emphasized.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены современные данные о распространенности и этиологии внебольничной пневмонии, показан вклад каждого из возможных возбудителей в структуру заболевания. Приведены диагностические критерии пневмонии. Описаны основные алгоритмы оценки тяжести пневмонии и прогноза заболевания с применением различных шкал: CURB-65 / CRB-65, PORT (PSI), целью которых является определение места лечения: амбулаторно или в стационаре, в отделении общего профиля или реанимации. Рассмотрены критерии IDSA / ATS (Американского торакального общества / Американского общества инфекционных болезней), а также шкалы SMART-COP / SMR-CO для определения необходимости нахождения в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии госпитализированных пациентов. Приведены шкалы Aliberti и PES, оценивающие риск наличия резистентных патогенов при внебольничной пневмонии. Представлены современные рекомендации по эмпирическому выбору антибактериальных препаратов в зависимости от индивидуальных факторов пациента: анамнестических указаний на лечение антимикробными препаратами в течение предшествовавших 3 мес, факта госпитализации в течение полугода до возникновения пневмонии, наличия сопутствующей патологии, тяжести течения заболевания, риска наличия резистентных возбудителей. Указаны среднетерапевтические дозы антибактериальных препаратов для лечения внебольничной пневмонии у пациентов с нормальной функцией почек. Рассмотрены вопросы оптимальной длительности лечения пневмонии в зависимости от этиологии, представлены критерии достаточности антибактериальной терапии. Описаны причины возможной неэффективности проводимой эмпирической антибактериальной терапии внебольничной пневмонии. Подчеркнута важность выделения особой формы заболевания – тяжелой внебольничной пневмонии, описаны препараты для ее лечения. Обсуждены вопросы профилактики пневмоний, подчеркнута ее важность в стратегии сокращения смертности по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>pneumococcus</kwd><kwd>multiresistant pathogens</kwd><kwd>risk factors for resistant pathogens</kwd><kwd>risk scale for the presence of resistant flora</kwd><kwd>scale for assessing the severity of pneumonia</kwd><kwd>treatment of outpatients</kwd><kwd>treatment of hospitalized patients</kwd><kwd>empirical antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>antibacterial drugs</kwd><kwd>criteria for the adequacy of antibacterial therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>пневмококк</kwd><kwd>полирезистентные возбудители</kwd><kwd>факторы риска резистентных возбудителей</kwd><kwd>шкала риска наличия резистентной флоры</kwd><kwd>шкала оценки тяжести пневмонии</kwd><kwd>лечение амбулаторных пациентов</kwd><kwd>лечение госпитализированных пациентов</kwd><kwd>эмпирическая антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>антибактериальные препараты</kwd><kwd>критерии достаточности антибактериальной терапии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. 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