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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">366</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2019-12-3-4-15-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk factors for respiratory complications in patients in the perioperative period</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы риска респираторных осложнений у пациентов в периоперационном периоде</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-0877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotova</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котова</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. A.I. Nesterov Department of Faculty Therapy N.I. Pirogov RNRMU.</p><p>8 Leninskiy Avenue, Moscow 117049; 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Павловна Котова - Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова РНИМУ.</p><p>117049 Москва, Ленинский проспект, 8; 117997Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><email>doc.kotova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6938-9665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemenkova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеменкова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Acad. A.I. Nesterov Department of Faculty Therapy N.I. Pirogov RNRMU.</p><p>8 Leninskiy Avenue, Moscow 117049; 1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова РНИМУ.</p><p>117049 Москва, Ленинский проспект, 8; 117997Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУЗ Городская клиническая больница № 1 им. Н.И. Пирогова Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3-4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Kotova D.P., Shemenkova V.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Котова Д.П., Шеменкова В.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotova D.P., Shemenkova V.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котова Д.П., Шеменкова В.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/366">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/366</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diseases of the respiratory system (both acute and exacerbations of chronic ones) remain the most frequent non-surgical complications after surgical interventions of various sizes, increasing the duration of the patient»s hospital stay, increasing economic costs and the percentage of deaths. It was shown that respiratory complications developed after abdominal operations increased the risk of 30-day mortality by 10 times. The most common complications include: reintubation, acute respiratory failure, pulmonary edema, atelectasis and pneumonia. The development of respiratory complications is due to the pathology of the respiratory system and respiratory muscles. It is proved that the use of drugs that inhibit neuromuscular conduction in 75 % of cases provokes the development of atelectasis, respiratory muscle dysfunction and reduces respiratory volumes. Respiratory complications are most often caused by hypoxia or hypercapnia. Hypoxia is characterized by a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen and is well corrected by additional oxygenation. In the first hours after surgery hypoxemia occurs in 50—55 % of cases with a decrease in saturation up to 80 %. Complete normalization of respiratory dysfunction usually occurs 4—6 hours after extubation. Hypercapnia, on the contrary, is characterized by an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen, the phenomena of hyperkalemia and respiratory acidosis. Correction of electrolyte and buffer disturbances is necessary. It is important for the Clinician to remember the need to identify possible risk factors for respiratory complications (modifiable and unmodified) and ways to correct them. Examination of the patient by a therapist before the planned operation, including possible preoperative preparation in the therapeutic departments of a multidisciplinary hospital helps to reduce the frequency of postoperative complications. In this article the authors describe recommendations for evaluation, prevention and diagnosis of respiratory complications in the perioperative period in patients with comorbid pathology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Заболевания дыхательной системы (как острые, так и обострения хронических) остаются наиболее частыми нехирургическими осложнениями после проводимых оперативных вмешательств различного объема, увеличивая длительность пребывания пациента в стационаре, повышая экономические затраты и процент летальных исходов. Показано, что респираторные осложнения, развившиеся после абдоминальных операций, повышают риск 30-дневной смертности в 10 раз. К наиболее частым осложнениям относят реинтубацию, острую дыхательную недостаточность, отек легких, ателектазы и пневмонию. Развитие респираторных осложнений обусловлено как патологией самой дыхательной системы, так и дыхательных мышц. Доказано, что использование препаратов, подавляющих нервно-мышечное проведение, в 75 % случаев обусловливает развитие ателектазов, дисфункцию дыхательной мускулатуры и снижает показатели дыхательных объемов. Респираторные осложнения чаще всего обусловлены развитием гипоксии или гиперкапнии. Гипоксия характеризуется снижением парциального давления кислорода и хорошо поддается коррекции путем дополнительной оксигенации. В первые часы после проведенного оперативного вмешательства гипок-семия возникает в 50—55 % случаев со снижением сатурации до 80 %. Полная нормализация дыхательной дисфункции, как правило, происходит через 4—6 ч после экстубации. Гиперкапния, наоборот, характеризуется повышением парциального давления кислорода, явлениями гиперкалиемии и респираторного ацидоза. Необходима коррекция электролитных и буферных нарушений. Врачу-клиницисту важно помнить о необходимости выделения возможных факторов риска развития респираторных осложнений (модифицируемых и немодифицируемых) и пути их коррекции. Осмотр пациента терапевтом перед планируемой операцией, возможная предоперационная подготовка в терапевтических отделениях многопрофильного стационара помогают снизить частоту послеоперационных осложнений. В данной статье авторы описывают рекомендации по оценке, профилактике и диагностике респираторных осложнений в периоперационном периоде у пациентов с коморбидной патологией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perioperative complications</kwd><kwd>respiratory failure</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>pulmonary complications</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>bronchial obstruction</kwd><kwd>preoperative preparation</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>hypoxemia</kwd><kwd>hypercapnia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>периоперационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>дыхательная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>респираторные осложнения</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>бронхообструкция</kwd><kwd>предоперационная подготовка</kwd><kwd>коморбидная патология</kwd><kwd>гипоксемия</kwd><kwd>гиперкапния</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	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