<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">The Clinician</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Clinician</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиницист</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1818-8338</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-8775</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">310</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/1818-8338-2017-11-2-40-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">EXAMINATION OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE ATRIUMS IN PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM PERSISTENT FORM OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND VALVULAR HEART DISEASE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ДЛИТЕЛЬНО ПЕРСИСТИРУЮЩЕЙ ФОРМОЙ ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИИ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ И КЛАПАННОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Marshal Timoshenko St., Moscow 121359.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121359 Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 15.</p></bio><email>zeart@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokeriya</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бокерия</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>135 Rublevskoe Highway, Moscow 121552.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>121552 Москва, Рублевское шоссе, 135.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента РФ.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.N. Bakoulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева».</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-12-18"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Kulikov A.A., Bokeriya L.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Куликов А.А., Бокерия Л.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulikov A.A., Bokeriya L.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куликов А.А., Бокерия Л.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/310">https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/310</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The study objective</bold> is to examine electrophysiological parameters of atrial myocardium, characteristics of atrioventricular conduction, and potential factors affecting recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with persistent and long-term persistent forms of AF prior to the Labirynth IIIB surgery with single-step correction of valvular heart disease.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The study included 100 adults (48 men, 52 women) with persistent and long-term persistent forms of AF and different valvular heart diseases. Mean patient age was 59 years. Mean AF duration was 4 years. All patients were prescribed antiarrhythmic therapy but it proved ineffective. In 15 % of patients, restoration of the sinus rhythm was attempted through electrical cardioversion but long-term control of the sinus rhythm wasn’t achieved. All patients were diagnosed with organic pathology of the mitral valve. Also, in 80 % of patients, relative insufficiency of the tricuspid valve was detected. Chronic heart failure functional class per NYHA was III. Size of the left atrium was 5 cm, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 61 %. All patients underwent electrical cardioversion. After successful restoration of the sinus rhythm, endocardial electrophysiology study (EES) of the heart was performed. Then, correction of valvular pathologies and the Labyrinth IIIB surgery were performed.</p><p><bold> Results.</bold> Examination of refractoriness of different parts of the atriums has shown that effective refractory period (ERP) of the atrioventricular node was minimal compared to other parts of the atriums. Maximal ERP duration was observed in the upper part of the right atrium. Therefore, in patients with long history of AF, heterogeneity of atrial myocardium ERP duration is observed. In 17 % of patients, atrial vulnerability was detected. The area of atrial vulnerability was always associated with ERP. Its duration in patients with atrial vulnerability was significantly higher.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Long-term mitral valve incompetence and persistent AF lead to anatomical and electrophysiological remodeling of the atriums, which manifests through increased volume of the left atrium, as well as increased duration of intra-atrial conduction and heterogeneity  of refractory periods. EES allows to evaluate these functions of the atrioventricular conduction system and atrial electrophysiological parameters: detect aberrations in conduction through atrial myocardium, dispersion of its refractoriness, and the area of atrial vulnerability. These factors can serve as predictors of AF recurrence. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка электрофизиологических параметров предсердного миокарда, особенностей предсердно-желудочкового проведения и выявление потенциальных факторов, влияющих на рецидив фибрилляции предсердий (ФП), у пациентов с персистирующей и длительно персистирующей формами ФП перед операцией «Лабиринт IIIВ» одномоментно с коррекцией клапанной патологии.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включены 100 взрослых пациентов (48 мужчин, 52 женщины) с персистирующей и длительно персистирующей формами ФП и различной клапанной патологией. Средний возраст больных – 59 лет. Продолжительность ФП в среднем составила 4 года. Всем пациентам подбиралась антиаритмическая терапия, однако она оказалась неэффективной. У 15 % пациентов предпринимались попытки восстановления синусового ритма посредством электрической кардиоверсии, но контролировать синусовый ритм длительное время не удавалось. У всех пациентов выявлена органическая патология митрального клапана. Также у 80 % пациентов выявлена относительная недостаточность трикуспидального клапана. Функциональный класс хронической сердечной недостаточности по NYHA – III. Размер левого предсердия – 5 см, средняя фракция выброса левого желудочка составляла 61 %. Всем пациентам была выполнена электрическая кардиоверсия. После успешного восстановления синусового ритма сразу же проводили эндокардиальное электрофизиологическое исследование (ЭФИ) сердца. Затем выполняли коррекцию клапанных патологий и операцию «Лабиринт IIIВ».</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Изучение рефрактерности различных отделов предсердий показало, что эффективный рефрактерный период (ЭРП) атриовентрикулярного узла оказался минимальным по сравнению с другими отделами предсердий. Наибольшая продолжительность ЭРП обнаружена в верхнем отделе правого предсердия. Таким образом, у пациентов с длительным анамнезом ФП наблюдается гетерогенность продолжительности ЭРП предсердного миокарда. У 17 % больных выявлена уязвимость предсердий. Зона уязвимости предсердий всегда примыкала к их ЭРП. Его продолжительность у больных с уязвимостью предсердий оказалась значительно выше.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Длительное существование порока митрального клапана и персистирование ФП приводят к анатомическому и электрофизиологическому ремоделированию предсердий, что проявляется увеличением объема левого предсердия, а также удлинением времени внутрипредсердного проведения и возникновением неоднородности рефрактерных периодов. ЭФИ позволяет оценить функции предсердно-желудочковой проводящей системы сердца и электрофизиологические параметры предсердий: выявить нарушение проведения по миокарду предсердий, дисперсию его рефрактерности и зону уязвимости предсердий, могущие служить предикторами рецидива ФП. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>electrophysiology</kwd><kwd>electrophysiological study</kwd><kwd>Labyrinth surgery</kwd><kwd>Labyrinth III surgery</kwd><kwd>valvular insufficiency</kwd><kwd>mitral valve incompetence</kwd><kwd>effective refractory period</kwd><kwd>functional refractory period</kwd><kwd>atrial vulnerability</kwd><kwd>intra-atrial conduction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>электрофизиология</kwd><kwd>электрофизиологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>операция «Лабиринт»</kwd><kwd>операция «Лабиринт III»</kwd><kwd>клапанные пороки</kwd><kwd>пороки митрального клапана</kwd><kwd>эффективный рефрактерный период</kwd><kwd>функциональный рефрактерный период</kwd><kwd>уязвимость предсердий</kwd><kwd>внутрипредсердное проведение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gammie J.S., Haddad M., MilfordBeland S. et al. Atrial fibrillation correction surgery: lessons from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;85(3):909–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.10.097. PMID: 18291169.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calkins H., Kuck K.H., Cappato R. et al. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 2012;9(4):632–696.e21. DOI: 10.1016/j. hrthm.2011.12.016. PMID: 22386883.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calkins H., Kuck K.H., Cappato R. et al. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design: a report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Developed in partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS); and in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of the American College of Cardiology Foundation, the American Heart Association, the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 2012;9(4):632–696.e21. DOI: 10.1016/j. hrthm.2011.12.016. PMID: 22386883.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bando K., Kobayashi J., Hirata M. et al. Early and late stroke after mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis: risk factor analysis of a 24-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126(2):358–64. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(03)00550-6. PMID: 12928631.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bando K., Kobayashi J., Hirata M. et al. Early and late stroke after mitral valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis: risk factor analysis of a 24-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126(2):358–64. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(03)00550-6. PMID: 12928631.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Saint L.L., Bailey M.S., Prasad S. et al. Cox-Maze IV results for patients with lone atrial fibrillation versus concomitant mitral disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;93(3):789–94. DOI: 10.1016/j. athoracsur.2011.12. PMID: 22305055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Gelder I.C., Hagens V.E., Bosker H.A. et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;347(23):1834–40. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021375. PMID: 12466507.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Gelder I.C., Hagens V.E., Bosker H.A. et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;347(23):1834–40. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa021375. PMID: 12466507.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Van Gelder I.C., Hagens V.E., Bosker H.A. et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;347(23):1825–33. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa021328. PMID: 12466506.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Hohnloser S.H., Kuck K.H., Lilienthal J. Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation--pharmacological intervention in atrial fibrillation (piaf): A randomised trial. Lancet 2000;356(9244):1789–94. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03230-X. PMID: 11117910.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ad N. The quest to identify predictors for success and failure after the cox-maze procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139(1):117–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.054. PMID: 20106362.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Damiano R.J., Jr, Schwartz F.H., Bailey M.S. et al. The Сox maze IV procedure: рredictors of late recurrence. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141(1):113–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.08.067. PMID: 21168019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijffels M.C., Kirchhof C.J., Dorland R., Allessie M.A. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 1995;92(7):1954–68. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1954. PMID: 7671380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijffels M.C., Kirchhof C.J., Dorland R., Allessie M.A. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 1995;92(7):1954–68. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.92.7.1954. PMID: 7671380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cox J.L., Canavan T.E., Schuessler R.B. et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. II. Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping and description of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(3):406–26. PMID: 1999934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cox J.L., Canavan T.E., Schuessler R.B. et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. II. Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping and description of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(3):406–26. PMID: 1999934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Cox J.L., Schuessler R.B., Boineau J.P. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. I. Summary of the current concepts of the mechanisms of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(3):402–5. PMID: 1999933.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Cox J.L., Schuessler R.B., Lappas D.G., Boineau J.P. An 8 1/2-yearclinical experience with surgery for atrial fibrillation. Ann Surg 1996;224(3): 267–73. PMID: 8813255.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Cox J.L., Jaquiss R.D., Schuessler R.B., Boineau J.P. Modification of the maze procedure for atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. II. Surgical technique of the maze iii procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110(2):485–95. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70245-8. PMID: 7637366.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasic M., Musci M., Siniawski H. et al. Transient sinus node dysfunction after the coxmaze iii procedure in patients with organic heart disease and chronic fixed atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32(4):1040-47. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00358-1. PMID: 9768730.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasic M., Musci M., Siniawski H. et al. Transient sinus node dysfunction after the coxmaze iii procedure in patients with organic heart disease and chronic fixed atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32(4):1040-47. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00358-1. PMID: 9768730.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval N., Velasco V.M., Orjuela H. et al. Concomitant mitral valve or atrial septal defect surgery and the modified cox-maze procedure. Am J Cardiol 1996;77(8):591–6. DOI: 10.1016/S00029149(97)89312-5. PMID: 8610608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval N., Velasco V.M., Orjuela H. et al. Concomitant mitral valve or atrial septal defect surgery and the modified cox-maze procedure. Am J Cardiol 1996;77(8):591–6. DOI: 10.1016/S00029149(97)89312-5. PMID: 8610608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Gaynor S.L., Diodato M.D., Prasad S.M. et al. A prospective, single-center clinical trial of a modified cox maze procedure with bipolar radiofrequency ablation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;128(4):535– 42. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.02.044. PMID: 15457154.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Damiano R.J., Jr, Bailey M. The coxmaze IV procedure for lone atrial fibrillation. Multimed Man Cardiothorac Surg 2007;2007(723):mmcts 2007.002758. DOI: 10.1510/mmcts.2007.002758. PMID: 24414450.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Bockeria L.A., Bockeria O.L., Biniashvili M.B. et al. Maze IIIB Procedure: Our Approach And Results In 420 Patients. Conference: The 24th Annual Meeting of Asian Society for Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (ASCVTS) in conjunction with 9th AATS/ASCVTS Postgraduate Course and 4th Asian Single Port VATS Symposium, At Taipei, Taiwan. Conference Paper April, 2016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Sean C.B., Jeffrey N.R., Francisco T. et al. Synchronized Electrical Cardioversion. Medscape: www.medscape.com.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Josephson M.E. Josephson’s Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology. Fifth Edition. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kristensen L. Atrial fibrillation in patients with sick sinus syndrome. Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation after pacemaker implantation. Dan Med Bull 2004;51(1):141. PMID: 24657544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kristensen L. Atrial fibrillation in patients with sick sinus syndrome. Clinical and electrocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation after pacemaker implantation. Dan Med Bull 2004;51(1):141. PMID: 24657544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillis A.M., Russo A.M., Ellenbogen K.A. HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. Developed in partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and in collaboration with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Heart Rhythm 2012;9(8):1344–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.011. PMID: 22858114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillis A.M., Russo A.M., Ellenbogen K.A. HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. Developed in partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and in collaboration with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Heart Rhythm 2012;9(8):1344–65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.06.011. PMID: 22858114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Cox J., Schuessler R., Boineau J. The development of the Maze procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;12(1):2–14. DOI: 10.1016/S1043-0679(00)70010-4. PMID: 10746916.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cox J.L., Schuessler R.B., D’Agostino H.J. Jr. et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(4):569–83. PMID: 2008095.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cox J.L., Schuessler R.B., D’Agostino H.J. Jr. et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(4):569–83. PMID: 2008095.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albåge A., Johansson B., Kennebäck G. et al. Long-term follow-up of cardiac rhythm in 320 patients after the CoxMaze III procedure for atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101(4):1443–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albåge A., Johansson B., Kennebäck G. et al. Long-term follow-up of cardiac rhythm in 320 patients after the CoxMaze III procedure for atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2016;101(4):1443–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Boineau J.P., Schuessler R.B. Reflections on the establishment of the electrophysiologic basis for cardiac arrhythmia surgery. In: Cox J.L. (ed.) Cardiac arrhythmia surgery: state of art reviews. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1990. Pp. 1–17.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
