The ClinicianThe ClinicianКлиницист1818-83382412-8775Publishing House ABV Press28710.17650/1818-8338-2016-10-4-10-15EDITORIALРЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯMYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG PATIENTS: CAUSES AND PROGNOSISИНФАРКТ МИОКАРДА У МОЛОДЫХ: ПРИЧИНЫ И ПРОГНОЗ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯKonstantinovaE. V.КонстантиноваЕ. В.
Russian Federation

Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad.A. I. Nesterov.

1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997

Екатерина Владимировна Константинова - кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1

katekons@mail.ruBalayanN. M.БалаянН. М.
Russian Federation

Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad.A. I. Nesterov.

1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997

Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1

ShostakN. A.ШостакН. А.
Russian Federation

Department of Faculty Therapy named after Acad.A. I. Nesterov.

1 Ostrovityanova St., Moscow 117997

Кафедра факультетской терапии им. акад. А.И. Нестерова.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России15012017111Vol 10-11, № 4-1 (2016-2017)Том 10-11, № 4-1 (2016-2017)10151807201718072017Copyright ©; 2017, Konstantinova E.V., Balayan N.M., Shostak N.A.Copyright ©; 2017, Константинова Е.В., Балаян Н.М., Шостак Н.А.2017Konstantinova E.V., Balayan N.M., Shostak N.A.Константинова Е.В., Балаян Н.М., Шостак Н.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://klinitsist.abvpress.ru/Klin/article/view/287

Myocardial infarction (MI) is unusual among young people, but with an upward trend in changing to unhealthy lifestyle, there is growing proportion of patients with MI are aged > 45 years. Premature MI individuals were predominantly males, characterized by smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia (an essential key contributing to atherosclerosis). Many studies have reported that unemployment has also a negative effect on health. MI in young adults is generally caused by thrombus arising secondary to the rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque in coronary artery. As opposed to lesions associated with plaque rupture, those thatunderlie superficial erosion do not have thin fibrous caps, harbor fewer inflammatory cells, lack large lipid pools. Superficial erosion occurs morecommonly in women and the elderly. Normal coronary arteries in young adults with MI is related to coronary vasospasm, embolus arising from endocardium or heart vessels, platelet aggregation, and other reasons. Heart failure (HF) is a common complication of MI. With timely access to medical care and good adherence to treatment older patients are at greater risk of developing heart failure.

Инфаркт миокарда (ИМ) встречается преимущественно в популяции лиц среднего и пожилого возраста, однако в последние годы заболевание все чаще развивается у лиц моложе 45 лет, что, по-видимому, связано с современными изменениями образа жизни. В группе повышенного риска раннего развития ИМ находятся прежде всего молодые мужчины, курильщики, лица с наследственной предрасположенностью к раннему развитию сердечно-сосудистой патологии и имеющие проблемы с трудоустройством. В молодом возрасте наиболее типично развитие острого коронарного синдрома с подъемом сегмента ST на электрокардиограмме, возникшего у пациентов без предшествующего анамнеза стенокардии. Разрыв покрышки атеромы как причина коронарного тромбоза встречается у молодых лиц чаще, чем эрозия. Традиционно в патогенезе атеротромбоза ключевым моментом считается разрыв покрышки атеросклеротической бляшки, что более характерно для атеромы с большим липидным ядром, тонкой покрышкой и высокой активностью воспаления. Такую бляшку традиционно называют «нестабильной». Эрозия покрышки более характерна для бляшек, имеющих противоположные характеристики, и чаще встречается у женщин и лиц пожилого возраста. Могут наблюдаться и неатерогенные причины развития ИМ в молодом возрасте, например, вазоспазм, эмболия в коронарные артерии у больных эндокардитом и др. Для прогноза заболевания важна оценка риска развития осложнений, в частности сердечной недостаточности. Установлено, что у лиц молодого возраста риск ее развития наименьший.

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